138 XENOPHON ON HORSEMANSHIP. 



settled in, and lowered himself. A rider about to 

 mount by this method is represented on the frieze 

 of the Parthenon, and on a vase from Nola (see 

 cut on p. 39). That it was employed sometimes 

 by Roman soldiers is evident from a relief in 

 Clarac, Musee des Sculptures, Plate 221. But it is 

 not referred to elsewhere in Greek literature. 

 Courier had seen this method in use in Germany, 

 and Jacobs says that it was introduced thither 

 from England ( ! ) and called Strecken. Alexan- 

 der's horse Bucephalas was taught the first method, 

 — that of bending the knees (Curtius, 6, 5, 18). 

 This method is represented on a black-figured 

 vase in the Hermitage collection (see cut on 

 p. 30). The Greek word in this case is oKXa^etv. 



38. (Page 39.) From this it appears that a 

 strap or cord, entirely distinct from the reins, was 

 attached to the bridle, doubtless to be used in 

 leading as well as in mounting. (See note 34.) It 

 may be seen in the cuts on pp. 34, 39, and 29, in 

 which it is attached to the chin-strap. On a vase- 

 painting in Gerhard (Auserlesene Vasenbilder, iv, 

 293, 294, i) it is attached to the nose-band. A 

 leading-rein just like the Greek is to be seen in 

 Assyrian reliefs. 



39. (Page 39.) As Greek bits had no branches, 

 the chin-strap was not the equivalent of our curb- 

 chain, and no leverage came from pulling on it. 



