NOTES. 141 



mann, after various attempts, practically gives the 

 passage up ; and so far no satisfactory explanation 

 or emendation has been offered. I have endeav- 

 oured to translate the Greek exactly as I found 

 it. If the Greek text is as Xenophon wrote it, I 

 cheerfully admit that any absurdity in the trans- 

 lation is due to my own misunderstanding of the 

 Greek rather than to any ignorance on the part 

 of Xenophon. It should also be observed that 

 the lead recommended (with the left) is not the 

 favourite lead to-day. 



The walk, trot, and gallop are the only gaits 

 mentioned in Greek authors. The amble or pace 

 was certainly unknown to them until after the time 

 of Aristotle, who says (-n-epl ^wwv Tropetas; 14) that 

 if a horse moves the two legs on the same side at 

 the same time, he must fall. Still it will be observed 

 that on the Orvieto vase (see cut facing p. 76) the 

 horses are all moving in this manner. But as 

 Korte shows (A. Z. 1880, p. 181), this had be- 

 come the conventionalized manner of representing 

 the motion of the horse. It is found in Assyrian 

 and Egyptian art, and from thence passed to the 

 Phoenician and the archaic Greek, where it is the 

 regular rule, although some exceptions are found. 

 It appears on coins down to the best period, and 

 on red-figured vases of the more severe type. It 

 was, therefore, not intended to represent a natural 

 gait in the animal. Pliny (N. H. 8, 166) men- 



