1 62 XENOPHON ON HORSEMANSHIP. 



recommending something entirely new in suggest- 

 ing the use of two javehns instead of one spear. 

 But the technique of this work shows that the 

 rider is of a time long before Xenophon ; further, 

 on a number of early vase-paintings (see for 

 instance pp. 30 and 65), two javelins are carried 

 by cavaliers. I am not aware that any explana- 

 tion has been offered of this apparent contradic- 

 tion. When it is remembered, however, that the 

 Athenians had no regularly organized body of 

 cavalry before the Persian wars (see p. 75), it 

 may be thought that after the organization of the 

 force it was armed merely with one spear; and 

 that in the transition state before this organization, 

 hoplites, when mounted for some special purpose, 

 carried two. Thus, the present monument may 

 have represented the dead warrior serving in two 

 capacities, — on foot and as a mounted hoplite. 

 It is true that the rider in the Lamptrae relief 

 (facing p. 68) carries but one spear; and so the 

 custom probably varied before the knights were 

 organized. 



Page 6S. Part of a fragment of a monument 

 found in the Attic deme of Lamptrae, and now in 

 Athens. From the " Mittheilungen des deutschen 

 arch. Instituts in Athen," xii, taf. 2. A work of 

 perhaps a little after the middle of the sixth 

 century. See the remarks just above, and note 

 that the regular Athenian cavalry did not carry 



