1 68 XENOPHON ON HORSEMANSHIP. 



Page 20. Painting on an Attic vase now in 

 Munich, found in the ancient Etruscan city of 

 Vulci. From the '• Archaologische Zeitung," 

 xUii, taf. II. The scene represents a riding- 

 lesson, the old man at the right being the master. 

 A young man rides along leading a second horse 

 upon which his comrade is about to leap by the 

 use of a vaulting-pole. For the sake of symmetry 

 in the picture the artist may have placed this 

 person in front of the horse instead of at the side, 

 where he would naturally stand in taking such a 

 leap ; or it may be thought that he is merely 

 balancing himself, ready to spring on as soon as 

 the horse reaches him. When a cavalryman 

 mounted by means of his spear, he used only one 

 hand for the spear (see note 41, p. 139). Livy 

 speaks of the use of the spear in leaping suddenly 

 from a horse (iv, 19, 4). On the other half of this 

 vase, not shown in my reproduction, a boy is lead- 

 ing a horse, while the teacher looks on under a 

 tree, showing that this lesson was given in the 

 open air. The riding-master Pheidon, mentioned 

 in Mnesimachus's comedy of the " Horse-breeder," 

 a work of the first half of the fourth century, gave 

 his lessons in the agora, near the Hermae (see 

 Athenaeus, 402 f.) . But in another vase-painting 

 (Daremberg et Saglio, ii, fig. 2717), young riders 

 are exercising under cover. It is, therefore, 

 impossible to say whether the iTTTrao-ia mentioned 



