8 THE KIDDLE OF THE UNIVEKSE. 



officials are men without an acquaintance with those 

 social relations of which we find the earlier types in 

 comparative zoology and the theory of evolution, in the 

 cellular theory and the study of the protists. We can 

 only arrive at a correct knowledge of the structure 

 and life of the social body, the State, through a 

 scientific knowledge of the structure and life of 

 the individuals who compose it, and the cells 

 of which they are in turn composed. If our 

 political rulers and our " representatives of the 

 people " possessed this invaluable biological and 

 anthropological knowledge, we should not find our 

 journals so full of the sociological blunders and 

 political nonsense which at present disfigure our 

 Parliamentary reports, and even many of our official 

 documents. Worst of all is it when the modern 

 State flings itself into the arms of the reactionary 

 Church, and when the narrow-minded self-interest 

 of parties and the infatuation of short-sighted 

 party-leaders lend their support to the hierarchy. 

 Then are witnessed such sad scenes as the German 

 Reichstag puts before our eyes even at the close of 

 the nineteenth century. We have the spectacle of 

 the educated German people in the power of the 

 ultramontane Centre, under the rule of the Eoman 

 papacy, which is its bitterest and most dangerous 

 enemy. Then superstition and stupidity reign instead 

 of right and reason. Never will our Government 

 improve until it casts off the fetters of the Church 

 and raises the views of the citizens on man and the 

 world to a higher level by a general scientific educa- 

 tion. That does not raise the question of any special 

 form of constitution. Whether a Monarchy or a 

 Republic be preferable, whether the constitution 



