156 THE KIDDLE OF THE UNIVERSE. 



strength of several years of study of different kinds 

 of protists, especially rhizopods and infusoria, I 

 published a theory thirty-three years ago to the effect 

 that every living cell has psychic properties, and that 

 the psychic life of the multicellular animals and plants 

 is merely the sum-total of the psychic functions of 

 the cells which build up their structure. In the lower 

 groups (in alga? and sponges, for instance) all the cells 

 of the body have an equal share in it (or with very 

 slight differences) ; in the higher groups, in harmony 

 with the law of the "division of labour," only a select 

 portion of them are involved — the "soul-cells." The 

 important consequences of this " cellular psychology " 

 were partly treated in my work on The Pcrigenesis of 

 the Plastidule (1876), and partly in my speech at 

 Munich, in 1877, on "Modern Evolution in Relation 

 to the Whole of Science." A more popular presenta- 

 tion of them is to be found in my two Vienna papers 

 (1878) on "The Origin and Development of the 

 Sense-Organs" and on " Cell-Souls and Soul-Cells." 



Moreover, the cell-soul, even within the limits of 

 the protist world, presents a long series of stages of 

 development, from the most simple and primitive to 

 a comparatively elaborate activity. In the earliest and 

 simplest protists the faculty of sensation and move- 

 ment is equally distributed over the entire protoplasm 

 of the homogeneous morsel ; in the higher forms 

 certain " cell-instruments," or organella, appear, as 

 their physiological organs. Motor cell-parts of that 

 character are found in the pseudopodia of the rhizopods, 

 and the vibrating hairs, lashes, or cilia of the infusoria. 

 The cell-nucleus, which is wanting in the earlier and 

 lower protists, is considered to be an internal central 

 organ of the cell-life. It is especially noteworthy, 



