nostrils is terrible. He pi v. eth the valley and rejoiceth in his 

 st reng-th; He goeth to meet the armned man ; He mocketh at fear and 

 is not affrighted ; Neither turneth he back from the sword." 



The books of the old testament enable us, to more closely determine 

 the time when the horse Erst began to be tamedin Egypt, Canaan and 

 the neighboring countries. When in 1920 before Christ, Abraham left 

 llanin and on account of the famine emigrated to Egypt. (1st Book of 

 Moses, Chapter 12, Verse lb'.) "And he had sheep, and and oxen and he- 

 asses, and men-servants and maid-servants, and she-asses and camels." 

 Undoubtedly horses would have been named if such had been among 

 his herds, or if they had been tamed in Egypt at that time. Fifty yea rs 

 later Abraham went to Moriah to offer his only son. (1st Hook of 

 Moses, Chapter 22, Verse 3.) "And he saddled his ass, and went unto 

 the place of which Cod had toldhim." He would scarcely have selected 

 the ass, had horses been known at that time. When thirty years after 

 this, Jacob returned to Isaac, with Rachel andLeah,the scripture quotes 

 the number of animals which he had sent to appease Esau's wrath, as : 

 (1st Book of Moses, Chapter 32, Verses 14 and 15th.) 200 she-goats and 

 20 he-goats, 200 ewes and 20 rams, 30 milch camels with their colts, 40 

 kine and 10 bulls, 20 she-asses and 10 foals." but horses are not mention- 

 ed. Not quite 24 years later, when during the famine in Canaan. 

 Jacob sent to Egypt to buy corn, horses are first spoken of. (1st Book of 

 Moses, Chapter 45, Verse 19.) 



Joseph sent chariots, probably wagons drawn by horses, to trans- 

 port his father from Canaan to Egypt; however, it seems, that horses 

 were introduced later, and that they were not yet very numerous; nei- 

 ther does it seam that they were used as beasts of burden, as all 

 the grain, which had been sent for the support of Jacob's numerous 

 family was carried by asses; but in Egypt the herds of the inhabitants 

 already contained horses, of which the bible says: (1st Book of Moses, 

 Chapter 47, Verse 17.) "And they brought their cattle unto Joseph, and 

 Joseph gave them bread in exchange for their horses, and for the flocks, 

 and for the cattle of their herds." The above shows, that horses were 

 first used in Egypt about 1740 before Christ, and that soon after their 

 number was enough to form a considerable part of the Egyptian army, 

 and when the Israelites returned to Canaan, they acclimated the horse 

 there. (1st Josuah, Chapter 11, Verse 16.) "And the Canaanites went 

 out against the Israelites, and all their host with them, and people even 

 as the sand, that is upon the seashore in multitude, with horses and 

 chariots very many." It is however uncertain that these chariots ■were 

 pulled by horses, and it would seem therefore, that the use of the horse 

 under the rider is older, than that in harness. In the army of 

 Pharos, mainly riders are named, who received their denomination 

 from the use of the spur ; the word which in Hebraic signifies " rider " 

 being formed from the verb which means to stick, to sting that is to 

 spur. It follows clearly, that riding.at that time, was not only a com- 

 mon occupation, but had already attained a certain degree of accomplish- 

 ment. When on his death-bed Jacob revealed the future to his sons, 



