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the hindhand from falling out by repeatedly pressing against the flank 

 behind the girth. 



After the turn has been executed hands and legs resume their 

 original positions. 



The apparent simplicity of this lesson must not lead the pupil to 

 treat it superficially, and though the chief object of it lies in the pre- 

 paration of the same lesson for a trot -when it will prove a valuable 

 means of giving balance to the rider, it also furnishes the first idea of 

 guidance and teaches the pupil to distribute his weight in accordance 

 with the motion of the horse. 



The success of the entire instruction lies in the most precise com- 

 prehension and execution of numberless details, and the teacher must 

 insist that the rules which are once given to, and understood by the 

 pupil are adhered to strictly. The performance of every single detail 

 and the final combination and harmonious application of all details will 

 alone make the whole successful. 



The pupil can of course not be expected to memorize on horseback 

 a stock of numberless facts and details of instruction however well 

 they may have been understood at the time when they were given ; 

 if this were possible comparatively few lessons would suffice to educate 

 a talented pupil and this is why I insist on being thoroughly systematic 

 in my instruction, erecting one lesson upon the other and making the 

 possibility of one depending upon the understanding of the other. 



I would compare the education of the novice to the erection of a 

 building where one stone is placed upon the other, their position depend- 

 ing upon each other. "We cannot build a little of the foundation, a little 

 of the roof and insert the intermediate parts at times to suit our fancy ; 

 likewise the rider must master the fundamental principles unquestion- 

 ably if he intends to make a success of that which is based upon them. 



SIMPhK TURNS. 



"We now proceed with the straight turns to the right and left, from 

 one wall to a point directly opposite at the other wall, such as the turn 

 from the middle of the long wall to the middle of the long wall opposite, 

 thus dividing the ring in two halves and through the centre line from 

 short wall to short wall. 



The commands for these turns are "right turn" or "left turn, 

 March! " In the execution of these turns it is important that the actual 

 turning of the horse should cover a curve of three paces or one horse 

 length; too short a turn under the present distribution of weight over the 

 horse's four legs, would be likley to cause a wrench or sprain, par- 

 ticularly when executed in gaits faster than a "walk. 



The diagonal changes from right to left or from the right to the left 

 hand, must now be executed with precision ; leaving one side after pass- 

 ing the first corner for two horse lenghts and arriving at the other side 

 two horse lengths before the second corner. 



The repetition of these exercises, together with the lessons in bah 

 ancing, previously described, should be continued until the pupil has 



