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Assuming- the original position by the horse's left shoulder we teach 

 it to recede from the touch of the whip, by applying- the same to its 

 flank, where the riders leg would come in contact with the horse, that 

 is, directly behind the saddle girth. 



This application of the "whip, consists of repeated and slight vibra- 

 tions, from which the horse will soon recede, stepping with its left 

 hind leg over the right one. 



This is to be continued, a single step at a time, until the horse has 

 executed a full turn or pirouette upon its forehand. 



As in every other case, each instance of obedience must be rewarded 

 by a caress, and a pause is to be made between each step, in order to 

 avoid the horse's rushing away from the whip. 



This lesson like all others has to be practiced both to the right and 

 left, the trainer changing his position and that of reins and whip ac- 

 cordingly. 



Following the pirouettes on the forehand, the horse is taught to ex- 

 ecute the same upon the hind hand. 



In this lesson the trainer guides the front legs around the hind ones, 

 directing- the former, in steps latterally forward, around the latter; 

 preventing the horse's hindhand from moving, by laying the whip 

 against the flank on the right or to the left side, as the case may be. 



When these pirouettes are thoroughly understood by the horse, we 

 repeat the same with position and contraposition and flexion of head 

 and neck, thus obtaining the pirouettes in the position of shoulder in, 

 contrashoulder in, travers andrenvers, with the inner front or hind leg 

 as pivot. 



Before we go any further, I wish to explain the meaning of a few 

 technical expressions, the misunderstanding of "which causes many 



