THE INSECT FAUNA or THE GENUS CRATAEGUS 1077 



ing, the moth pushes through one end of the cocoon, and then sheds the 

 pupal skin while protruding about two-thirds of its length beyond the 

 cocoon. The black, clear- winged moth has a broad and a narrow band 

 of yellow across the abdomen. 



Pyralidae 



indigenella Zell., Mineola (Leaf crumpler) 



The cornucopia-like winter cases of Mineola indigenella, a leaf crumpler, 

 are easily seen on almost any hawthorn tree during the winter, attached 

 firmly to the twigs and the branches and often with partly eaten leaves 

 attached. The larvae carry the cases with them and feed on the leaves 

 in April and May. They pupate within the same cases attached to twigs 

 in June, and at Ithaca the moths emerge in late June. 



Tortricidae 



argyrospila Walk., Ar chips (Fruit-tree leaf roller) 



The greenish larvae of Ar chips argyrospila, with their black heads and 

 shields, are fairly abundant on the foliage of native hawthorns during 

 May and are found occasionally in June. They tie together a cluster of 

 leaves and feed on a leaf within the cluster. Moths emerged from the 

 larval nests in late June and early July. 



chionosema Zell., Olethreutes 



The pale green larvae of Olethreutes chionosema .fold the leaves of native 

 hawthorns and feed on the upper surface of the leaves within the fold. 

 Each larva folds a single leaf at a 

 time. They are fairly common on 

 the hawthorns and apple trees about 

 Ithaca during May. The moths fly 

 during June after pupating within the 

 folded leaf. A few moths taken on 

 August 14 and 15 seem to indicate a 

 second brood. The moth (fig. Ill) is 

 brownish, with a large white spot on 

 the costal edge of the fore wing, and 

 has a wing expanse of from 15 to 

 16 millimeters. FIG. 111. OLETHREUTES CHIONOSEMA 



nubeculana Clem., Ancylis 



The greenish larvae of Ancylis nubeculana were found in late summer 

 in rolled leaves of Crataegus punctata. They pupated in May and the 

 moths emerged from June 8 to June 18. The species is not very 

 common. 



