THE INSECT FAUNA OF THE GENUS CRATAEGUS 1079 



twigs when full-grown, and spin a parchment -like white cocoon surrounded 

 by an open layer of lacework attached to the surface of a leaf. The moths 

 emerged from June 15 to June 30. A few moths taken in the field on 

 August 16 seem to indicate a 

 second brood. The moth is 

 slender, and is whito with ob- 

 lique gold bands on the fore 

 wings while the hind wings 

 are dark gray. Its wing ex- 

 panse is about 13 millimeters. 

 It has a peculiar habit of 

 standing on its head when at 

 rest on the loaves or the bark. 



Elachistidae 



fletcherella Fern., Coleophora 



(Cigar case-bearer) 

 The brown, cigar-shaped 

 cases of the larvae of Coleo- 

 phora fletcherella are common 

 on all the hawthorns through- FlQ n2 TERMINAL OF HAW -THORN TWIG DESTROYED 

 out the growing season. They B Y LARVA OP ARGYRESTHIA OREASELLA 



have been specially abundant 



and injurious on trees and hedges of Crataegus oxyacantha, the European 

 hawthorn, during the years 1918 and 1919. The moths emerged from the 

 cases in late June and July. 



malivorella Riley, Coleophora (Pistol case-bearer) 



The curved cases of the larvae of Coleophora malivorella are fairly 

 common on hawthorns but not so abundant as those of C. fletcherella. 



splendoriferella Clem., Coptodisca (Resplendent shield-bearer) 



The small, yellowish brown, winter shields of Coptodisca splendoriferella 

 are rather commonly found attached to the bark and swinging in the 

 wind on the branches of native hawthorns, and their blotch mines in the 

 leaves are not uncommon. 



Lyonetiidae 



pomifoliella Clem., Bucculatrix (Ribbed-cocoon-maker of apple) 



The elongate, white, ribbed cocoons of Bucculatrix pomifoliella are 

 common on native hawthorns and are rather noticeable in winter, when 

 the trees are leafless. The moths emerge in late May. 



