LEPIDOPTERA 1111 



betularia Linn., Amphidasis (Pepper-and-salt moth) Fam. Geometridze 



Hosts Malus, Prunus, Crataegus, Quercus, Ulmus, Populus, Betula. 



Injury Larvae defoliate trees in late summer. 



Distribution Europe, Asia, Japan. 



Reference Theobald, F. V. Insect pests of fruits, p. 64. 1909. 



bidentata Clerck., Gonodontis (Scalloped hazel moth) Fam. Geometridxe 



Hosts Corylus, Betula, Prunus, Crataegus, Pyrus, Quercus, and other species. 



Injury Larva feeds on foliage. 



Distribution Europe, Asia, Japan. 



Reference Collinge, W. E. Manual of injurious insects, p. 138. 1912. 



biscutana Wck., Epiblema Fam. Tortricidae 



Hosts Betula, Crataegus oxyacantha. . 



Injury Larva ties together terminal clusters of leaves and feeds within. 



Distribution Norway, Finland. 



Reference Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2: 283. 1910. 



blandula Hulst., Catocala Fam. Noctuidae 



Host Crataegus. 

 Injury Larvae feed on foliage. 

 Distribution Eastern United States, Canada. 



References Packard, A. S. Fifth rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 533. 1890. 

 Smith, J. B. Insects of New Jersey, p. 476. 1909. 



brumata Linn., Cheimatobia (Winter moth) Fam. Geometridae 



Hosts Fruit and forest trees (except conifers) and shrubs. 



Injury Larvae defoliate trees and may attack flowers or fruit. 



Distribution Europe, Asia, Greenland. 



References Ormerod, E. A. Manual of injurious insects, p. 338, 360. 1890. 



Theobald, F. V. Insect pests of fruits, p. 50. 1909. 



Med. Phytopath. Dienst. Wageningen, no. 3. 1916. 



cilanus Hub., Strymon (Banded hair-streak) Fam. Lycaenidae 



Synonym Thecla falacer Godart. 



Hosts Crataegus, Quercus, Hicoria. 



Injury Larva eat holes in leaves. 



Distribution United States and Canada. 



References Scudder, S. Butterflies of New England, 2:885. 1839. 



Packard, A. S. Fifth rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 536. 1890. 



caryae Harris, Halisidota (Hickory tussock moth) Fam. Arctiidre 



Hosis Hicoria, Juglans, Malus, Cydonia, Crataegus, and other species. 



Injury Larvae eat foliage. 



Distribution United States east of Rocky Mountains. 



Reference Soule, Caroline G. Psyche 6:153. 1891. 



catax Linn., Eriogaster Fam. Lasiocampidae 



Hosts Crataegus, Quercus, Populus, Betula. 



Injury Larvae defoliate branches, which they cover with silken tents. 



Distribution Europe. 



Reference Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Eurcpas, 1 : 117. 1908. 



cecropia Linn., Platysamia Fam. Saturniidae 



Hosts Crataegus, Malus, Pyrus, Prunus, Salix, Acer, Syringa, and other species. 

 Injury Larva eats leaves. 



Distribution North America east of Rocky Mountains. 

 References Packard, A. S. Fifth rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 536. 1890. 

 Dickerson, Mary C. Moths and butterflies, p. 157. 1901. 



