LEPIDOPTEHA 1115 



References Insect life 3 : 478. 1890. 

 Insect life 4: 75. 1891. 



Slingerland, M. V., and Crosby, C. K. Manual of fruit insects, p. 119. 

 1914. 



dubitata Linn., Triphosa Fam. Geometridae 



Hosts Crataegus, Prunus, Rhamnus. 

 Injury Larva webs leaves together and feeds on them. 

 Distribution Europe, Asia. 



References Kaltenbach, J. H. Pflanzenfeinde, p. 166. 1872. 

 Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2:36. 1910. 



ephemeraeformis Haw., Thyridopteryx (Common bagworm) Fam. Psychidae 



Hosts Species a very general feeder on trees and shrubs, including Crataegus. 



Injury Larva defoliates trees. 



Distribution North America east of Rocky Mountains. 



Reference Beutenmueller, William. Ent. Amer. 3: 157. 1887. 



ephippella Fabr., Argyresthia Fam. Yponomeutidae 



Synonym Argyresthia pruniella Linn. 

 Hosts Crataegus, Pyrus, Prunus, Sorbus, Corylus. 

 Injury Larva eats leaf and blossom buds. 

 Distribution Europe, Asia Minor. 



References Kaltenbach, J. H. Pflanzenfeinde, p. 210. 1872. 

 Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2 : 447. 1910. 



euphorbiae Fabr., Acronycta Fam. Noctuidae 



Hosts Species a general feeder on trees, including Crataegus. 

 Injury Larva feeds on foliage. 

 Distribution Europe, Asia. 



References Kaltenbach, J. H. Pflanzenfeinde, p. 208. 1872. 

 Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 1 : 139. 1908. 



fabriciana Linn., Simaethis Fam. Glyphipterygidae 



Synonyms Tinea oxyacanthella Linn., Cr ambus oxyacanthae Fabr. 

 Hosts Urtica, Parietaria, Symphytum, Crataegus. 

 Injury Larva feeds in leaf roll. 

 Distribution Europe. 



References Bechstein, J. M., and Scharfenberg, G. L. Naturgeschichte der sch ad- 

 lichen Forstinsekten, p. 805. 1805. 

 Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2:297. 1910. 



fasciellus Hub., Holcophora Fam. Gelechiidae 



Hosts Prunus, Crataegus. 



Injury Larva ties leaves together and feeds on them. 



Distribution Europe, Asia Minor. 



Reference Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2:354. 1910. 



fletcherella Fern., Coleophora (Cigar case-bearer) Fam. Elachistidae 



Hosts Malus, Crataegus, Pyrus, Cydonia. 



Injury Larva eats holes into leaf and makes a small blotch mine around each hole. 



Distribution North America. 



References Hammar, A. G. U. S. Ent. Bur. Bui. 80:33. 1909. 



Slingerland, M. V., and Crosby, C. R. Manual of fruit insects, p. 47. 1914. 



fulminea Scop., Catocala Fam. Noctuidae 



Synonym Catocala paranympha Linn. 

 Hosts Crataegus, Primus, Pyrus, Quercus. 

 Injury Larva eats foliage. 



