1126 LEPIDOPTERA 



References Kaltenbach, J. H. Pflanzenfeinde, p. 208. 1872. 

 Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 1 : 133. 1908. 



sphinx Hufn., Brachionycha Fam. Noctuidae 



Synonym Asteroscopus cassinia S. V. 



Hosts Quercus, Populus, Malus, Prunus, Crataegus, and other species. 

 Injury Larva eats foliage. 

 Distribution Europe, Asia Minor. 



References Kaltenbach, J. H. Pflanzenfeinde, p. 208. 1872. 

 Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 1 : 203. 1908. 



spiniana Dup., Pamene Fam. Tortricidae 



Hosts Crataegus, Prunus, Alnus. 



Injury Larva feeds in blossom, destroying it. 



Distribution Europe, northern Africa. 



Reference Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2: 295. 1910. 



splendoriferella Clem., Coptodisca (Resplendent shield-bearer) Fam. Elachistidae 



Hosts Malus, Crataegus, Prunus serotina, Pyrus, Cydonia. 



Injury Larva mines in leaf and cuts out a small piece of the leaf for its case. 



Distribution Northeastern United States. 



References Packard, A. S. Fifth rept. U. S. Fnt. Ccmm., p. 536. 1890. 



Slingerland, M. V., and Crosby, C. R. Manual of fruit insects, p. 75. 

 1914. 



spurcella H. S., Gelechia Fam. Gelechiidae 



Hosts Prunus spinosa, Crataegus oxyacantha. 



Injury Larva rolls leaves. 



Distribution Europe, Asia Minor. 



Reference Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2:361. 1910. 



steinkelneriana Schiff., Epigraphia Fam. Gelechiidae 



Hosts Crataegus, Sorbus, Prunus spinosa, Fraxinus. 

 Injury Larva ties leaves together and eats them. 

 Distribution Europe. 



References Kaltenbach, J. H. Pflanzenfeinde, p. 210. 1872. 

 Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2 : 332. 1910. 



stimulea Clem., Sibine (Saddle-back caterpillar) Fam. Limacodidae 



Hosts Species a general feeder on fruit and forest trees, including Crataegus. 



Injury Larva eats foliage. 



Distribution Eastern North America. 



References Beutenmuller, William. Ent. Amer. 4:75. 1888. 



Dyar, H. G., and Morton, E. L. New York Ent. Soc. Journ. 4:1. 

 1896. 



strigata Mull., Hemithea . . Fam. Geometridae 



Synonym Nemoria aestivaria Hub. 



Hosts Quercus, Crataegus, Corylus, Syringa, Malus, Prunus, and other species. 

 Injury Larva eats foliage. 

 Distribution Europe, Asia, Japan. 



References Kaltenbach, J. H. Pflanzenfeinde, p. 163. 1872. 

 Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2:5. 1910. 



strigosa Fabr., Acronycta Fam. Noctuidae 



Hosts Prunus, Crataegus, Rhamnus. 



Injury Larva eats foliage. 



Distribution Europe, Asia. 



Reference Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 1:137. 1908. 



