11 



The market prices for cows in England and Wales were reported on the whole as 

 what higher in April than in October, but in Scotland a slight fall as between the beginning 

 and end of the costing period was reported. 



The average prices for the cows in the herds bought, sold, and transf erred , are shown in 



Table B in the Appendix. 



Of the 7,316 cows passing through the herds during the period, 867, or twelve per cent., 

 were purchased, and 481 others, or seven per cent., were transferred into the herds, 

 number in the herds at the time of the commencing valuation was 5,968, or 82 per cent, of 

 the total number of cows accounted for during the period. At the time of the closing valua- 

 tion there were 5,713 cows in the herds, 1,361, or 19 per cent, of the total accounted for, 

 having passed out by sale ; 77, or one per cent., by death; and 165, or two per cent., had been 

 transferred out of the herds. These total figures are for Great Britain. Separate particulars 

 for England and Wales and Scotland are given in Tables C and D in the Appendix. 



XI. COMPARISON OF COSTS PER GALLON AND YIELD OF MILK. 



The results of the enquiry indicate some principles in the economical production of milk 

 during the winter months. Taking first the relation of the yield of milk per cow day to the 

 cost per gallon, it is found that in England and Wales, where the daily yield is T84 gallons 

 per cow in milk and 1'48 gallons per cow in herd (including dry cows), the average cost per 

 gallon at market prices is 37'56 pence ; while in Scotland, where the daily yield is 2'13 gallons 

 per cow in milk and 1'57 gallons per cow in herd, the average cost per gallon at market prices 

 is 30'51 pence. The difference in yield is not sufficient to account for the difference in cost, 

 but it is quite an important factor. Tables showing the yield of milk and cost per gallon in 

 each of the districts in England and Wales, and Scotland, are given in the following Tables 

 (5 and 6) :- 



TABLE 5. 



Comparison of Costs per Gallon and Yield of Milk. 

 ENGLAND AND WALES. 



This Table shows that, with one exception, Group (No. 12), a comparatively high yield i.s 

 accompanied by low costs, and that low yields are accompanied by comparatively high costs. 



TABLE 6. 



of Costs per Gallon and Yield of Milk. 

 SCOTLAND. 



Group A 



