CONTENTS xv 



CHAPTER XIV 



PAGES 



THE FUNCTION OF THE THYMUS . . . . . . 325 337 



A. Comparative anatomy and development of the thymus . . 325 



B. Structure of the thymus ....... 329 



C. Extirpation of the thymus ....... 333 



D. A probable relation between the thymus and the reproductive 



organs .......... 335 



E. Physiological effects of extracts of thymus . . . 336 



F. Pathology of the thymus . . . . . . .337 



CHAPTER XV 



\/ THE FUNCTION OF THE PITUITARY BOBY .... 338 384 



' A. Comparative anatomy of the pituitary body .... 338 



1. The mammalian pituitary body . . . .338 



2. The pituitary body of birds and lower vertebrates . . 343 

 1 B. Development of the pituitary body ..... 344 

 ' C. Old views as to the functions of the pituitary body . . . 346 



D. Physiological action of extracts of the pituitary body . . 347 



1. Effects on the heart and blood-vessels . . . 347 



2. Effects on the vaso-motor reflexes .... 350 



3. Effects on the respiration. . . . . .351 



4. Effects on involuntary muscles other than those of the 



vascular system . . . . . .351 



(a) The uterus 351 



(b) The bladder . . . . . .352 



(c) The intestine 352 



(d) The stomach ...... 353 



(e) The pupil 353 



X 5. Effects on the secretion of certain glands . . .353 



(a) The mammary gland ..... 353 



(6) The kidney 355 



(c) The stomach ... .355 



6. General physiological effects (subcutaneous and intra- 

 venous injections) ....... 356 



' E. The question as to which elements of the pituitary body furnish 

 the active substance or substances. Functions of the different 



parts of the pituitary body ...... 356 



F. Feeding and metabolism experiments . . . 357 

 ' G. Grafting experiments . . . . . .359 



' H. Stimulation of the pituitary in situ ..... 360 



v I. Extirpation experiments .... . 361 



J. The question as to a functional relationship between the 



pituitary and the thyroid bodies ..... 366 



K. Pituitary insufficiency and a pituitary antiserum or cytotoxin ' . 367 



L. Chemistry of the pituitary body" ..... 368 



' M. The comparative physiology of the pituitary body . 

 " N. Diseases of the pituitary body . 



1. Introductory ..... 370 



2. Acromegaly . . . .371 



(1) Introductory .... 



(2) Symptoms . 



(3) ^Etiology and onset 373 



