144 THE DUCTLESS GLANDS 



Hultgren and Andersson came to the conclusion that the 

 iv>i ^tance of castrated animals to adrenal extirpation is gener- 

 ally greater than that of normal animals. While, for example, 

 normal animals survived complete extirpation at one operation 

 for 61 hours, the corresponding time for castrated animals 

 was 121 hours. In this relation the authors call attention to 

 the striking morphological resemblance between the cells of the 

 adrenal cortex and the interstitial cells of the testis and ovary. 



In rabbits total extirpation of both glands at one operation 

 is always fatal, and death occurs on the fourth or fifth day. If 

 the operation is carried out at two sittings, the duration of life 

 is considerably increased ; and three rabbits in which there was 

 an interval of nine to fourteen days between the two operations 

 lived 121 to 125 days, and were then killed while still in per- 

 fect health. 



After extirpation of one and amputation of the other gland 

 most of the rabbits lived a long time as long as 320 days. The 

 authors, immediately after stating this result, say : "Dieses 

 Ueberleben der totalen Entfernung der Nebennieren beim 

 Kaninchen is durchaus nicht durch die Anwesenheit wenigstens 

 makroskopisch nachweisbarer accessorischer Nebennieren 

 bedingt." Now, these cases were not cases of total removal 

 of the adrenals, for some tissue of the amputated gland was 

 always left behind. But perhaps this is meant to refer to the 

 three cases of the previous paragraph, where the operation was 

 performed in two sittings with an interval of nine to fourteen 

 days between them. But apparently these were not cases of 

 complete removal, for the gland was transplanted into the 

 musculature. 



Unilateral extirpation in rabbits produces no ill effects, and 

 the same applies to dogs. Hultgren and Andersson only per- 

 formed one total extirpation upon a dog, which lived six days. 



The symptoms after removal of the adrenals were very 

 characteristic. After the operation the animal recovers in a 

 few hours, and in the first few days shows no ill effects from the 

 operation, except some loss of appetite. During the last 

 twenty -four hours before death, or earlier, the animal becomes 

 stupid and quiet, and shows (especially is this the case with 

 cats) wr;iknr>s and uncertainty of movement in the hinder 

 extremities. During this period, too, the temperature begins 

 to fall, and the apathy and weakness increase. Then the hind- 



