THE ADRENAL BODIES 147 



animals from which the adrenals have been removed. Further, 

 in such animals the glycosuria resulting from extirpation of the 

 pancreas is much reduced. Frouin states that the pancreatic 

 diabetes is also much reduced in severity in animals from which 

 one adrenal and two -thirds of the other have been previously 

 removed. This matter will be referred to again in connection 

 with the subject of adrenal glycosuria. 



Levin reports that the blood of animals deprived of adrenals, 

 when injected into another animal, raises its blood-pressure, 

 but the tracing he gives indicates that the rise is not consider- 

 able. He hints that the substance which has this action may 

 be something of a different nature from adrenin. 1 



F. The Question as to Accessory Adrenal Bodies in 

 Relation to Extirpation Experiments upon Mammals 



It will be seen, from a perusal of the section on the compara- 

 tive anatomy of the adrenal glands, that not only may acces- 

 sory adrenals consisting of both portions of the organ be 

 present, but there may also be some glandules consisting 

 of cortex only. The presence of chromaphil bodies and cells 

 in different regions must also be borne in mind (Figs. 30-33). 

 How far does the existence of these various bodies explain the 

 discrepancies between the results obtained by different 

 observers after adrenal extirpation ? We know that some of 

 the larger masses of chromaphil tissue (such as the parasomata 

 of Zuckerkandl and the abdominal chromaphil bodies in 

 various animals) contain adrenin, and this may have the same 

 physiological purpose as that manufactured by the adrenal 

 medulla, whatever that may be. 



Schafer recently exhibited a white rat operated upon by 

 Harley some time between 1856 and 1858. This rat had the 

 spleen and adrenals extirpated when it was only a month old 

 and quite small. It increased in size after the operation quite 



1 According to Gautrelet and Thomas, after extirpation of the adrenals 

 in dogs the heart contraction becomes weak, and the rhythm quicker, while 

 the blood-pressure sinks after five hours to 6 centimetres Hg and later to 

 1 centimetre. The same authors report that in decapsulated dogs excitation 

 of the splanchnic no longer induces glycosuria, as it does in normal animals. 

 They further report that dogs and rabbits, after adrenal extirpation, become 

 poikilothermic in that their body temperature, within certain limits, follows 

 that of the external air, and that there is reduction of the excitability of the 

 sympathetic. (See p. 235.) 



