150 THE DUCTLESS GLANDS 



might live twelve or thirteen days, but summer frogs never 

 longer than forty-eight hours. On the other hand, if the 

 winter frogs were kept at a mean temperature of 22 C., their 

 period of survival was much diminished, and from twelve to 

 thirteen days it was reduced to three. 



The symptoms which followed destruction of both capsules 

 consisted essentially in a progressive paralysis beginning in 

 the hind-limbs, then becoming general and inducing death. 

 On the day of the operation the animal remained well. It 

 was as a rule at the end of the twenty-fourth to the thirtieth 

 hour that symptoms came on. First one noticed a distinct 

 inco-ordination in the movements of the hind-limbs when the 

 frog jumped. Also the animals quickly became fatigued, and 

 asthenia became more pronounced. This paresis affected first 

 the flexors and adductors, and finally the extensors ; the frog 

 was finally no longer able to respond even to the strongest 

 stimulations except by way of the feeblest movements. Then 

 the fore-limbs became affected, and the animal was completely 

 inert. The respiration became slower and slower, and with 

 contracted pupils the animal died. 



If the animal were stimulated from time to time so as to 

 provoke movements, it was found that the paralysis came 

 on much more quickly, and the duration of survival was 

 considerably shortened. From these facts the authors con- 

 cluded that the length of survival was in inverse ratio to the 

 chemical changes going on in the body. The more active these 

 changes as, e.g., in summer frogs the more quickly did 

 death supervene. 



Destruction of one capsule never induced death. The 

 animals after such an operation showed no untoward symptoms, 

 and their attitude and reactions were perfectly normal. Com- 

 plete destruction of one capsule and destruction of the greater 

 part of the other generally led to death, but the survival was 

 always longer than after complete destruction of both. If the 

 fragment left behind were of any considerable size, the survival 

 was as long as in the animals in which only one gland had been 

 destroyed. The insertion under the skin, in the dorsal lymph 

 sac, of some fragments of kidney with the adrenals attached 

 taken from a normal frog, prolonged the survival. Animals 

 so treated might live twice as long as animals not so treated. 

 The authors record that summer frogs were by this means 



