180 THE DUCTLESS GLANDS 



the muscular coat of the stomach. In the stomach inhibition of the 

 muscular movements is produced . The effects on the movements 

 of the intestine appear to differ according to the strength of the 

 adrenin solution just as do the effects on the uterus and the 

 pupil, and, as we have seen above, the effects on the blood- 

 pressure. According to Langley, the effects produced by 

 adrenal extract in the cat and rabbit may be arranged roughly 

 in the following order as regards the amount of extract required 

 per body weight to produce an obvious effect : 



Rise of blood- pressure. 



Inhibition of the sphincter of the stomach and of the intestine (rabbit). 



Inhibition of the bladder. 



Dilation of the pupil (cat). 



Withdrawal of the nictitating membrane (cat) \ Slightly less readily than the 



Separation of the eyelids (cat) J foregoing. 



Contraction of the uterus, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, etc. (rabbit). 



Salivary and lachrymal secretion. 



Inhibition of the stomach. 



Inhibition of the gall-bladder and increased bile secretion. 



Dilation of pupil (rabbit). 



Inhibition of internal anal sphincter (rabbit). 



Contraction of internal anal sphincter (cat) 



Contraction of 



: internal anal sphincter (cat) ) _ 

 internal generative organs (cat) } Effects relatlvel y sll g ht ' 



Contraction of the muscles of the hairs. 



Contraction of tunica dartos of scrotum | NQ certain effecfc 

 Secretion of sweat 



Langley divides the autonomic nervous system into 

 sympathetic, cranial, sacral, and enteric, and points out that 

 the effect of adrenal extract in no case corresponds to that 

 which is produced by stimulation of a cranial autonomic or of 

 a sacral autonomic nerve. On the other hand, the effects 

 produced are almost all such as are produced by stimulation by 

 some one or other sympathetic nerve. Notwithstanding this, he 

 is inclined provisionally in his paper written in 1901 to favour 

 the view that adrenin acts directly on muscle fibres and gland 

 cells, but leaves unanswered the question as to why the action 

 in the several cases should correspond so closely with that 

 caused by stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. 



Apocodeine abolishes the effects produced by sympathetic 

 excitation, and was found by Dixon to abolish those produced 

 by adrenin. He therefore concluded that adrenin acts upon 





