206 



THE DUCTLESS GLANDS 



temporary, and there is no subsequent congestion. The local 

 action of adrenin is very evanescent, and the application has 

 to be repeated every four or five minutes. 



In diseases of the nose and throat adrenal preparations have 

 found a useful application. 



Adrenal preparations are also employed for rhinological 

 purposes. The marked ischaemia produced is most useful in 

 revealing causes of obstruction. It has been used as a haemo- 

 static with good results, also in hay fever, epistaxis, and, 

 paroxysmal sneezing and rhinorrhcea. 



A solution of cocaine and adrenalin is very generally em- 

 ployed for the painless extraction of teeth. 



In bronchial asthma adrenalin applied to the nasal mem- 

 brane has been used for some years. Kaplan has more recently 

 employed subcutaneous or intravenous injection (5 to 15 

 minims of the 1 in 1,000 solution). Miller reports favourably 

 on the drug administered in one of these ways for bronchial 

 asthma ; the relief was considerable, but in no cases could he 

 observe any curative effect. On the other hand, there were no 

 untoward results. It is not known how the beneficial effect is 

 produced in these cases perhaps it is due to inhibition of the 

 bronchial musculature. But Miller is inclined to think that 

 the results point to the pathology of bronchial asthma being 

 due to a hyperaemia of the bronchial membrane. 



Use of Adrenal Preparations in Diseases of the Bladder. 

 Braun recommends a mixture of adrenalin and cocaine for 

 injection into the bladder preparatory to a cystoscopic examina- 

 tion. Adrenalin has been found useful in catheterization 

 for urethra! stricture. Adrenin has also been successfully 

 employed to relieve bleeding in the urinary tract and in atony 

 of the bladder. 



The Use of Adrenal Preparations and of Adrenin in Hcemor- 

 rhages. Clinical experience has shown that when haemorrhage 

 occurs from a surface to which adrenin may be applied, relief 

 is prompt, and in the large majority of cases, lasting. The 

 drug then finds ready application in epistaxis, bleeding from 

 granulating wounds, and in cases of tears of the cervix uteri, 

 and in many other similar cases. 



Schafer believes that when adrenin is given by the mouth 

 there is " very distinct evidence of vascular constriction, for 

 bleeding from internal parts, such as the stomach, intestine, 



