THE THYROID AND PARATHYROIDS 317 



" thyreoglobulin," in the case of the latter the effect varying 

 with the amount of iodine present. 



According to Cramer the administration of thyroid prac- 

 tically abolishes the store of glycogen in the liver. The 

 increased katabolism of protein and fat is secondary to increased 

 mobilization of the glycogen in the liver. According to Fron- 

 tali and Hunter there is a very great elimination of creatine in 

 sheep and dogs after removal of both thyroids and parathy- 

 roids. Kendall's thyroxin produces a notable effect on meta- 

 bolism. The statement has been made that certain amines 

 derived from proteins have an effect on metabolism of the 

 same character as that brought about by thyroid substance. 



P. Transplantation of the Thyroid Gland 



A large number of transplantation experiments have been 

 performed, with very variable results. Many different methods 

 and many kinds of animals have been used. In some cases 

 rapid degeneration and loss of the grafted organ has occurred. 

 In others apparently the tissue has remained alive and active 

 for months. 



When the gland from one animal is grafted into another of 

 different species (heteroplastic transplantation) the operation 

 is always unsuccessful. When the thyroid from one animal 

 is grafted into another of the same species (homoioplastic 

 transplantation) the proceeding is perhaps sometimes success- 

 ful. When a piece of thyroid is grafted on to various parts of 

 the same animal (autoplastic transplantation) the operation 

 is quite likely to be successful. The grafts frequently " take " 

 and are said to remain in functional activity for long periods. 

 When transplantation takes place into nearly related indivi- 

 duals of the same species (syngenesioplastic transplantation, 

 Loeb ) the results obtained are intermediate in point of success 

 between those obtained by auto- and homoioplastic trans- 

 plantation. The transplanted gland lives for a certain time, 

 but subsequently becomes absorbed by lymphocytal infiltration. 



By the vessel suture method of Carrel and Guthrie the 

 thyroid may be removed from its proper position and replaced 

 in the neck. It would appear that by this method the auto- 

 plastic form of transplantation is the only one which has been 

 successful. One case of homoioplastic grafting has been 

 recorded as successful in the human subject. 



