358 THE DUCTLESS GLANDS 



He found that there was no influence on the nitrogen in any 

 case, but that the phosphorous output was sometimes increased, 

 due to katabolism of bony tissue. But the increase may have 

 partly been due to nuclein. 



Moraczewski found in a case of acromegaly that the nitrogen 

 output was increased, also that of phosphorus, while Oswald 

 found no effect on nitrogen or phosphorus. 



Malcolm noted that the anterior lobe, administered dry, 

 tends to cause a retention of nitrogen ; the dried nervous 

 portion has a similar effect. The fresh entire gland, in large 

 doses, increases the output of nitrogen. The anterior lobe 

 causes a retention of phosphorus, while the posterior lobe 

 causes a loss followed by retention. On the whole, Malcolm's 

 results pointed to a greater activity on the part of the nervous 

 portion. 



Caselli observed no effect on growth from long-continued 

 injections of extracts made from the whole gland, but in some 

 cases feeding with the gland retarded growth. Sandri fed 

 young mice and guinea-pigs with pituitary emulsion, and states 

 that this caused an arrest of growth. Cerletti injected pituitary 

 emulsion intraperitoneally into young animals, and found that 

 the animals receiving the injection fell uniformly below the 

 controls in weight, and that the bones of the animals receiving 

 the emulsion were, as compared with the controls, somewhat 

 shorter as regards the diaphyses, but longer as regards the 

 epiphyses. 



Schafer has carried out a series of feeding experiments on 

 white rats, the general conclusion from which is that the addi- 

 tion of small amounts of pituitary tissue to the diet of rats has 

 little or no effect upon growth. 



Franchini, working with rabbits and guinea-pigs, reports 

 that the calcium and magnesium metabolism is much reduced. 

 Elfer reports that subcutaneous injection of pituitary extract 

 does not affect the protein metabolism, but induces a tem- 

 porary retention of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. 



Quite recently Rosalind Wulzen has investigated the effects 

 of administration of anterior lobe of pituitary body to young 

 growing birds. A very distinct effect is shown in the direction 

 of retardation of growth, which is manifested both in the body 

 and in the length of the long bones. Involution of the thymus 

 accompanies this retardation, and the suggestion is made that 



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