4 6 



INTERNAL SECRETION 



become tuberculous and the striking frequency of the Chvostek 

 phenomenon in tuberculosis, as noted by many observers. He 

 mentions a very instructive case described by Carnot and Delion, 

 that of a tuberculous woman who on the day before her death 

 was seized by tetanic convulsions of the most violent description. 

 The post-mortem examination showed that the internal para- 

 thyroids were atrophied, while the external parathyroids were 

 entirely destroyed. 



The generally accepted view to-day (Pineles, v. Frankl- 

 Hochwart, Chvostek) is that all forms of clinical tetany are of 

 parathyroid origin. 



OTHER PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN MAN 

 ARISING FROM DERANGEMENT OF THE FUNC- 

 TION OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS. 



H. Lundborg (1904) was the first to associate not tetany only, 

 but a number of pathological conditions included in the term 

 "motor-neuroses," with the function of the parathyroid glands. 

 He based his conclusions upon the results obtained by Vassale 

 and Generali, Biedl, Jeandelize in the tetania parathyropriva of 

 animals. According to his hypothesis, Myotonia congenita 



Cretinism Paralysis 



endemic & sporadic Myxoedema agitans 



Benign chronic 



hypothyroidism 



(Hertoghe) 



Goitre 



Condition of 

 psychic exaltation 



Tetany 



Normal Normal 



thyroid Parathyroid 



gland glands 



Myoc/onia 

 (Myoclonic 

 epilepsy) 



Myotonia 



Graves' Myasthenia Myatonia 



disease pseudo-paralytica periodica 





(Thomsen's disease), Paralysis agitans (Parkinson's disease), and 

 myoclonia are to be regarded as chronic progressive conditions 

 due to hypoparathyroidism. 



On the other hand, Myotonia periodica and Myasthenia 

 gravis pseudoparalytica (Jolly), or Paralysis myasthenica (Oppen- 

 heim) are diseases which, like Graves's disease, arise from an 

 increased or disturbed function of the parathyroid glands (hyper- 

 parathyroidism or dysparathyroidism). Lundborg regards these 



