212 INTERNAL SECRETION 



takes place after degeneration of the post-ganglionary fibres and 

 must, for this reason, be regarded as the outcome of the direct 

 action of suprarenal extract. 



The intravenous injection of suprarenal extract produces an 

 increased secretion on the part of the lachrymal glands, and this 

 persists after removal of the superior cervical ganglion. 



Suprarenal extract increases the secretion of bile. This result 

 is not apparent, however, unless the cystic duct is occluded ; 

 otherwise the relaxation of the gall bladder permits the gall to 

 escape down it. 



According to Langley, adrenalin does not apparently induce 

 pancreatic secretion, but it does promote the activity of a secret- 

 ing pancreas. In large doses, adrenalin inhibits pancreatic 

 secretion (Bendicenti, Glasener and Pick). 



According to a communication by Yukawa, the gastric 

 secretion increases under the influence of adrenalin. 



As we know, the blood supply to the kidney is very much 

 affected by the action of adrenalin. Minimal doses produce an 

 appreciable reduction in the volume of the organ, consequent 

 upon the contraction of the vessels; this is succeeded by pro- 

 nounced vaso-dilation and increase in volume. The experiments 

 of Bardier and Fraenkel show that the urinary secretion is in- 

 fluenced in such a manner that there is, first, a reduction in the 

 amount of urine excreted by the ureters, or there may even be 

 complete cessation of the flow; this is followed by marked 

 polyuria which lasts for some considerable time. These authors 

 found that, in those cases where vaso-constriction is absent, the 

 primary reduction in secretion also fails to appear, and it seems 

 evident from this that the changes in renal secretory activity 

 which are brought about by the agency of adrenalin, are largely 

 attributable to changes in the circulatory conditions. 



According to Schlayer, adrenalin, when given intravenously, 

 acts under certain conditions as a diuretic upon animals con- 

 taining much fluid. 



Biberfeld found that the subcutaneous injection of suprarenin, 

 in doses of 1.5 to 2.5 mg. per kilo, produced a marked diuresis 

 in rabbits, together with a considerable decrease in the sodium 

 chloride contents of the urine. 



The manner in which the suprarenals themselves react to 

 the influence of adrenalin has, up to now, received but little 

 attention. As far as the suprarenal circulation is concerned, I 

 found that the intravenous injection of suprarenal extract pro- 

 duced an increase, followed by a decrease, in the venous outflow. 

 These changes in the circulation are due only in part to the 

 altered haemodynamic conditions. In part, they represent the 

 results of the action of the extract upon the vessels themselves, 

 and they are comparable to those effects, partly constrictor and 

 partly dilator, which are obtained by stimulation of the sym- 

 pathetic nerves supplying the organ. 



