152 CRITIQUES AND ADDRESSES. [vn. 



two great stocks. With them has originated everything 

 that is highest in science, in art, in law, in politics, 

 and in mechanical inventions. In their hands, at the 

 present moment, lies the order of the social world, and 

 to them its progress is committed. 



South of the Atlas, and of the Great Desert, Middle 

 Africa exhibits a new type of humanity in the NEGRO, 

 with his dark skin, woolly hair, projecting jaws, and thick 

 lips. As a rule, the skull of the Negro is remarkably 

 long ; it rarely approaches the broad type, and never 

 exhibits the roundness of the Mongolian. A cultivator 

 of the ground, and dwelling in villages; a maker of 

 pottery, and a worker in the useful as well as the orna- 

 mental metals ; employing the bow and arrow as well 

 as the spear, the typical negro stands high in point of 

 civilization above the Australian. 



Resembling the Negroes in cranial characters, the 

 BUSHMEN of South Africa differ from them in their 

 yellowish brown skins, their tufted hair, their remark- 

 ably small stature, and their tendency to fatty and 

 other integumentary outgrowths ; nor is the wonderful 

 click with which their -speech is interspersed to be over- 

 looked in enumerating the physical characteristics of 

 this strange people. 



The so-called " Drawidian " populations of Southern 

 Hindostan lead us back, physically as well as geographi- 

 cally, towards the Australians ; while the diminutive 

 MINCOPIES of the Andaman Islands lie midway between 

 the Negro and Negrito races, and, as Mr. Busk has 

 pointed out, occasionally present the rare combination 

 of Brachycephaly, or short-head edness, with woolly 

 hair. 



In the preceding progress along the outskirts of the 

 habitable world, eleven readily distinguishable stocks, or 

 persistent modifications, of mankind, have been recog- 



