170 CRITIQUES AND ADDRESSES. [vm. 



while the Scandinavians are as predominantly long- 

 headed. 



What the natives of Ireland were like at the time of 

 the Roman conquest of Britain, and for centuries after- 

 wards, we have no certain knowledge ; but the earliest 

 trustworthy records prove the existence, side by side with 

 one another, of a fair and a dark stock, in Ireland as in 

 Britain. The long form of skull is predominant among 

 the ancient, as among modern, Irish. 



II. The people termed Gauls, and those called Germans, 

 by the Romans, did not differ in any important physical 

 character. 



The terms in which the ancient writers describe both 

 Gauls and Germans are identical. They are always tall 

 people, with massive limbs, fair skins, fierce blue eyes, 

 and hair the colour of which ranges from red to yellow. 

 Zeuss, the great authority on these matters, affirms 

 broadly that no distinction in bodily feature is to be 

 found between the Gauls, the Germans, and the Wends, 

 so far as their characters are recorded by the old histo- 

 rians ; and he proves his case by citations from a cloud 

 of witnesses. 



An attempt has been made to show that the colour of 

 the hair of the Gauls must have differed very much from 

 that which obtained among the Germans, on the strength 

 of the story told by Suetonius (Caligula, 4), that Caligula 

 tried to pass off Gauls for Germans by picking out 

 the tallest, and making them " rutilare et sumrnittere 



com am." 



The Baron de Belloguet remarks upon this passage : 



" It was in the very north of Gaul, and near the sea, that Caligula 

 got up this military comedy. And the fact proves that the Belga> 

 were already sensibly different from their ancestors, whom Strabo had 

 found almost identical with their brothers on the other side of the 

 Khine." 



