XL] ME. DARWIN'S CRITICS. 269 



vmnesque Ecclesice patres unam animam rationalem homimm kabert 

 asseverent, Sancta et universalis Synodus anathematizat." 1 



Moreover, if the animal nature of man was the result 

 of evolution, so must that of woman have been. But 

 the Catholic doctrine, according to Suarez, is that 

 woman was, in the strictest and most literal sense of 

 the words, made out of the rib of man. 



" Nihilominus sententia Catholica est, verba ilia Scripturse esse ad 

 literam iutelligenda. Ac PBOINDE VERB, AC REALITEB, TULISSE DEUM 



COSTAM ADJ3, ET, EX ILLA, CORPUS Ev^J FORMASSE." 2 



Nor is there any escape in the supposition that 

 some woman existed before Eve, after the fashion of the 

 Lilith of the rabbis ; since Suarez qualifies that notion, 

 along with some other Judaic imaginations, as simply 

 " damnabilis." 3 



After the perusal of the " Tractatus de Opere " it is, 

 in fact, impossible to admit that Suarez held any opinion 

 respecting the origin of species, except such as is con- 

 sistent with the strictest and most literal interpretation 

 of the words of Genesis. For Suarez, it is Catholic doc- 

 trine, that the world was made in six natural days. On 

 the first of these days the materia prima was made out 

 of nothing, to receive afterwards those "substantial 

 forms " which moulded it into the universe of things ; on 

 the third day, the ancestors of all living plants suddenly 

 came into being, full-grown, perfect, and possessed of all 

 the properties which now distinguish them ; while, on 

 the fifth and sixth days, the ancestors of all existing 

 animals were similarly caused to exist in their complete 

 and perfect state, by the infusion of their appropriate 

 material substantial forms into the matter which had 

 already been created. Finally on the sixth day, the 



1 Disput. xv. " De causa formal! substantial!," x. No. 24. 



2 " Tractatus de Opere," Lib. III. " De hominis creatione," cap. ii, No. 3. 



3 Ibid. Lib. III. cap. iv. Nos. 8 and 9. 



