202 CRITIQUES AND ADDRESSES. [xi. 



the doctrine of the evolution of the mental faculties of 

 man from those of brutes by natural causes, are of a 

 different order, and require separate consideration. 



If I understand him rightly, he by no means doubts 

 that both the bodily and the mental faculties of man have 

 been evolved from those of some lower animal ; but he 

 is of opinion, that some agency beyond that which has 

 been concerned in the evolution of ordinary animals, has 

 been operative in the case of man. " A superior intelli- 

 gence has guided the development of man in a definite 

 direction and for a special purpose, just as man guides 

 the development of many animal and vegetable forms." 

 I understand this to mean that, just as the rock-pigeon 

 has been produced by natural causes, while the evolution 

 of the tumbler from the blue rock has required the 

 special intervention of the intelligence of man, so some 

 anthropoid form may have been evolved by variation 

 and natural selection ; but it could never have given rise 

 to man, unless some superior intelligence had played the 

 part of the pigeon-fancier. 



According to Mr. Wallace, " whether we compare the 

 savage with the higher developments of man, or with 

 the brutes around him, we are alike driven to the 

 conclusion, that, in his large and well-developed brain, 

 he possesses an organ quite disproportion ed to his re- 

 quirements " (p. 343); and he asks, "What is there in 

 the life of the savage but the satisfying of the cravings 

 of appetite in the simplest and easiest way I What 

 thoughts, idea, or actions are there that raise him many 

 grades above the elephant or the ape?" (p. 342). I 

 answer Mr. Wallace by citing a remarkable passage 

 which occurs in his instructive paper on " Instinct in 

 Man and Animals." 



1 " The limits of Natural Selection as applied to Man " (loc. cit. p. 359). 



