INSANITY AND ALCOHOLISM. 81 



paupers, the ratio is slightly lower than that of the 



neighbouring states : 



1880. 1890. 



Maine ratio of paupers per million of population .. .. 2319 1756 

 Other states, non-prohibitive 2339 1790 



In regard to out-door paupers, the census attaches to 

 Maine a number very considerably in excess of the 

 average. As regards prison population, Maine has 

 a low but decidedly increasing ratio, which comes 

 out especially clearly in the case of the juvenile 

 offenders in reform schools : 



1880. 1890. 



Maine ratio per million of population in reform schools . . 176 256 

 Average in other nine North-Eastern states . . . . 469 435 



In Kansas, another state in which prohibition pre- 

 vails, dating from 1881, the United States census 

 tells us that there were more prisoners in its peni- 

 tentiary and county gaols in proportion to its popu- 

 lation in 1890 than there were in 1880, and that of 

 all the neighbouring states Kansas had in 1890 

 absolutely the largest ratio of prisoners to population. 

 In Iowa, the third state in which prohibition has 

 been most effectually carried out, we are told l that 

 " in one small town prohibition was so effectually 

 enforced that, when the bishop of the diocese visited 

 it, an intended celebration of the Sacrament had to 

 be abandoned because no wine could be obtained. 



1 Op. tit., p. 170. 



