CRIMINALS AND JNCAPABLES. 93 



esteem, that are among the necessary first principles 

 of life in an organised community. 



The Jukes Family, 



The histories of many of these criminal families 

 have been written, and perhaps the best known 

 and most striking is that of the Jukes family, 

 written by R. L. Dugdale. This family was traced 

 by Dugdale for seven generations, and during that 

 time it contributed to the welfare of the State an un- 

 paralleled history of pauperism and crime. It is 

 seldom, indeed, that the history of crime can be traced 

 so far as it can be in the case of the Jukes, and the 

 reason is that most families disperse by intermarriage, 

 and the taint becomes diluted and no longer stands 

 out in prominence. The distinguished French novel- 

 ist, Emile Zola, who, in a series of novels, traces out 

 the history of a criminal family, falls into the error of 

 supposing that such a thing as a long family history 

 of crime is possible without isolation from the rest of 

 the community. The family of the Jukes lived in a 

 district by themselves in America, and they formed a 

 family clan, and intermarried amongst themselves, 

 thus complying with this isolation which is a 

 necessity for the long continuation of any family 

 characteristic, 



