128 DA R WIXISM A ND KA CE PRO CRESS. 



Scotland is by no means an ethnological one, it is 

 rather a political division of the old kingdom of 

 Northumberland. 



But it may more reasonably be explained by the 

 excellent primary education throughout Scotland, 

 and the link that has long ago been formed between 

 the universities and almost every parish in the 

 country. The best education the country can pro- 

 duce has for many years been within the reach ol 

 every thrifty farmer, who, if he has a clever son, can 

 pay the relatively small cost of his education. 



England has been hitherto a laggard in her educa- 

 tional system, but education is now at last being 

 brought to the door of the poor as well as of the 

 rich. Primary education has been recast, and the 

 universities and colleges in the great centres of popu- 

 lation, and suited to the wants of, and within the 

 means of, the poorer classes, are now being estab- 

 lished, and an altogether different set of students 

 are being equipped for the intellectual battle of life, 

 students that are drawn not alone from the ranks of 

 the English gentry, but also from the lower middle 

 and artisan class. 



By the institution, amongst other means, of techni- 

 cal schools and colleges, the mechanical arts can now 

 be learnt at little or no expense by the children of 

 the poor, and organised public bounty is replacing 

 occasional private patronage. 



