THE HESPERIA MOVEMENT 117 



and school patrons. In Iowa there are mothers' 

 clubs organized for the express purpose of pro- 

 moting the best interests of the schools. In 

 many of the communities the county superin- 

 tendent organizes excursions, and holds school 

 contests which are largely attended by patrons 

 of the schools. 



Ohio has what is known as the " Ohio School 

 Improvement Federation." Its objects are: 

 (i) to create a wholesome educational sentiment 

 in the citizenship of the state; (2) to remove 

 the school from partisan politics; (3) to make 

 teaching a profession, protected and justly com- 

 pensated. County associations of the federa- 

 tion are being organized and the effort is being 

 made to reach the patrons of the schools and to 

 create the right public sentiment. In many of 

 the teachers' institutes there is one session de- 

 voted entirely to subjects that are of special in- 

 terest to the school-board members and to the 

 patrons of the schools. Educational rallies are 

 held in many of the townships, at which effort 

 is made to get together all the citizens and have 

 an exhibit of school work. 



In Minnesota, a law was passed recently to the 

 effect that school officers within a county may 

 attend one educational convention a year upon 



