THE SOUTHERN LUMBERMAN 



49 



Homer sang the praises of the washerwoman, 

 Nausicaa. 



Supplies for dairymen and poulterers are manu- 

 factured on a small scale in Tennessee and employ 

 most of the species shown in Table 20, though none 

 of them, in large amounts. Makers of refrigerators 

 draw material from these woods also, and kitchen 

 cabinets belong in the same class. Curtain poles 

 of chestnut are produced in quantity worthy of men- 

 tion. Well-boring machines are constructed of white 

 and red oak and of ash. Cotton picking baskets are 

 woven of thin strips of white oak. 



Summary of Industries. 



Table 21 brings together some of the essential 

 features of the preceding tables and affords a brief 

 review of all and a convenient means of comparing 



industry. If not, the material goes into the miscel- 

 laneous table. No fixed rule has been set for the 

 minimum quantity of wood for a separate industry. 

 Each case is decided on its merits. In the Missouri 

 report a separate table was given to airship man- 

 ufacture, though the amount of wood was very 

 small. The reason for doing so was that the line 

 was distinct from all others, and was of special in- 

 terest. This explanation is offered to remove mis- 

 understanding if such may exist, as to just what 

 is meant by the term "wood-using industry" as it is 

 employed in state reports like this. It is nothing 

 more than a convenient and somewhat arbitrary 

 separation into groups of the woods manufactured 

 in a state, the separation being based not on the 

 kinds of wood, but on the products made. With this 

 explanation, a comparison of Tennessee's wood- 



SUMMARY OP WOODS USED BY INDUSTRIES IN TENNESSEE. 



Table 21. 



Industries 



Planing mill products... 



Boxes and crates (pack- 

 ing) 



Furniture 



Sash, doors, blinds, and 

 general millwork 



Vehicles and vehicle parts 



Car construction 



Miscellaneous 



Handles 



Caskets and coffins 



Chairs 



Pencil stock 



Woodenware and novel- 

 ties 



Trunks and valises 



Agnicultural implements. 



Sporting and athletic 



goods 



Shuttles, spools and 

 bobbins 



Boat and ship building:. . 



Fixtures 



Excelsior 



Quantity used annually 

 feet B. M. per cent 

 35.57 



147,214,950 



77,979,510 

 39,272,500 



38,216,500 



33,492,500 



14.164,918 



13,791,628 



9,723,776 



9,494,085 



6,757,000 



5,325,000 



3,261,800 

 2,890,000 

 2,890,000 



2,625,000 



2,370,000 

 1,776,080 

 1,533,000 

 1,100,000 



Totals 413,878,167 



18.84 

 9.49 



9.23 

 8.09 

 3.42 

 3.33 

 2.35 

 2.29 

 1.63 

 1.29 



.79 



.70 

 .70 



.64 



.57 

 .43 

 .37 



.27 



100.00 



Average 

 cost per 

 1,000 ft. 



$22.03 



16.26 

 22.34 



23.87 

 24.99 

 19.41 

 17.70 

 22.63 

 16.53 

 15.01 

 8.30 



20.82 

 17.55 

 22.58 



17.48 



$20.73 



Total 

 cost f. o. b. 

 factory 



$3,243,004 



1,267,707 

 877,221 



912,173 

 836,855 

 274,974 

 244,112 

 220,086 

 156,976 

 101,448 

 44,187 



67,918 

 50,716 

 65,250 



45,875 



55,452 



47,870 



58,690 



9,926 



$8,580,440 



Grown in 



Tennessee 



per cent 



66.01 



73.44 

 65.26 



39.05 

 86.47 

 20.04 

 41.49 

 87.02 

 48.46 

 68.92 

 73.71 



38.68 

 87.37 

 61.94 



4.76 



56.75 



1.41 



61.19 



100.00 



63.61 



Grown 

 out of 



Tennessee 

 per cent 



33.99 



26.56 

 34.74 



60.95 

 13.53 

 79.96 

 58.51 

 12.98 

 51.54 

 31.08 

 26.29 



61.32 

 12.63 

 38.06 



95.24 



43.25 

 98.59 

 38.81 



36.39 



them. The term industry as employed in reports 

 such as this is general rather than exact. It is not 

 the same everywhere. Some regions have indus- 

 tries which others have not. For example, Tennes- 

 see produces playground equipment, but not in 

 amount sufficient to be called an industry. It is 

 an industry of much importance in Illinois. Ten- 

 nessee supports a lead pencil stock industry. 

 Illinois has nothing of the kind. What in Tennessee 

 is grouped as a single industry under the name 

 furniture is sufficiently large and diversified to make 

 several industries in Illinois. Thus it goes all the 

 way through the list. In preparing such a report 

 as this, a decision must be arrived at whether the 

 making of a distinct class of commodities in the 

 state is of enough importance to be considered an 



PERCENTAGE 



using industries with those of a few other states 

 will be of interest. 



Average Cost 



of Wood. 



$20 73 



11 63 



12 22 



20 67 



23 07 



21 29 

 14 16 



24 12 

 28 76 



State. Industries. 



Tennessee 19 



Louisiana 9 



Mississippi 9 



Maryland 13 



Kentucky 19 



Massachusetts 20 



North Carolina 21 



Missouri 24 



Illinois 51 



If the number of woods listed in the state were 

 compared, the differences would be as marked as in 

 cost of material and the number of industries. 



Apportionment of Woods Among Industries. 

 'Some industries make use of certain woods only, 

 though others may be available, while other indus- 

 tries take what is cheapest and most convenient. 

 Generally, however, manufacturers choose woods 

 carefully and select those possessing in the highest 

 degree' : the properties desired. Some manufacturers 

 who specialize on a single commodity use few 

 woods. The maker of pencil slats is an example. 

 He has few species to choose from, for most woods 

 are totally unsuited to his purpose, and he depends 

 upon red cedar in Tennessee. But red cedar is 

 good for many things, and Table 22 shows that 

 five industries use it, though pencil stock takes 

 most. White oak has no place in six of the tables. 

 Makers of pencil slats, shuttles and of excelsior can 

 do nothing with white oak, though other manufac- 

 turers could scarcely carry on business without it. 

 It is evident, therefore, that there is no such thing 

 as an all-round wood. More species are good for 

 nothing than are good for everything. Black wil- 

 low appears in only two columns of Table 22. That 

 is not because it was not fit for any of the other 

 places, but because it was not convenient. The 

 cucumber tree was all used by box and crate 

 makers, and yet it is good material for manufacture 

 into the products of every industry in Tennessee 

 except pencil slats. Scarcity and inconvenience 

 kept it out, although it was probably made use of 

 by a number of factories that did not report it sep- 

 arately because they thought it was basswood. 



Cost of Species by Industries. 



Table 23 is a companion of 22. The species are 

 the same in both, but the former table showed how 

 the 'material was apportioned among the industries, 

 and this gives the average cost of each one of the 

 woods to the factories that used them. The first 

 feature to attract attention in studying Table 23 is 

 the remarkable differences in prices paid for the 

 same species. Some paid two or three times as 

 much as others; some of the red cedar and white 

 oak varied as one to five, and black walnut as 

 seven to one. These differences are so great that 

 it becomes necessary to find reasons for them, or 

 the value of the table as statistics will be lessened. 

 No general statement will cover all. Each price 

 must be investigated for itself, for what applies 

 to one may have nothing to do with another. The 

 nearest approach to a general statement that can 

 be made to apply in most instances is that cost of 

 wood is controlled by three factors grade, supply 

 and convenience. When unexpected differences in 

 cost occur for the same species when bought by 

 several manufacturers, an explanation is usually 

 possible when the three factors grade, supply and 

 convenience are analyzed. Sometimes the facts 

 essential to an intelligent analysis are not avail- 

 able, and then the figures lose some of their value. 



OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF WOOD USED BY EACH INDUSTRY. 

 Table 22. 



Basswood 



Beech 



Birch 



Black ash . . 



Black gum . 



Black walnut 



Black w 



Buckeye 



Bur oak 



Butternut 



Cherry 



Chestnut 



Chestnu 



Cotton? 



Cucumb 



Cypress 



Dogwood 



Hackberry 



Hemlock 



Hickory 



Largetooth aspen 

 Longleaf pine 



Mahogany 



Osage orange . . . 



Persimmon 



Red cedar 



Red gum 



Red oak 

 River bii 

 Sassafras 

 Shittimw< 

 Shortleaf 

 Silver 

 Slippe 

 Sugar 

 Sycamore 

 Table Mt. 

 Texan oak 

 Tupelo 

 White ash 

 White ced 

 White elm 

 White oat 

 White pin. 

 Yellow oa 

 Yellow poplar 



29.80 

 8.41 



2.15 

 7.33 



.91 



9.54 



1.77 



.43 



1.47 



1.66 

 5.58 



83.74 



3.84 



9.68 

 .58 



4.84 

 2.88 



97.90 

 ' 4.81 



40.25 



77.99 



67.13 



2.10 



5.14 



.09 

 1.32 



1.00 

 2.83 



1.74 

 74.62 



13.08 



.19 



.40 



29.38 



.06 



100.00 



3.39 



43.72 .27 



26.55 



7.85 



47.69 

 54.64 



15.88 

 1.37 



60.83 

 ' 2.54 



100.00 



33.47 



1.46 

 3.03 



1.22 



.70 27.00 



.70 



6.83 



81.14 



24.99 



.31 

 .32 



97.79 



2.21 



.03 



15.87 



1.43 1.5D 



.88 



3 03 



1.12 



1.11 



49.81 



7.04 



2.31 .94 



* Less than 1-100 of 1 per cent. 



