so 



THE ST. LOUIS LUMBERMAN. 



Tanbark: 



Tons 



1,103 



15 



Tanning Extracts: 

 Pounds 

 1,298.767 

 102,420 

 1,000 



TANNING MATERIAL. 



Species 

 Hemlock 

 Chestnut 

 Myrobalan 



Species 

 Querbracho 

 Chestnut 

 Hemlock 



Veneers. 



Value 



$14,339 



60 



98 



Value 



$41.631 



1,996 



40 



Most of the veneer made in Missouri is rotary 

 cut. It is usually measured by log scale and the 

 output in that State in 1909 was as follows: 



Red gum 18,208,000 



Cottonwood 4,883,000 



Tupelo 800,000 



White oak 726,000 



Elm 610,000 



Red Oak 400,000 



Sycamore 387,000 



Maple 370,000 



Ash, 228,000 



Yellow pine 200,000 



Walnut 200,000 



Cedar 161,000 



Hickory 118,000 



Locust 58,000 



Basswood 10,000 



Birch 6,000 



Total 27,365.000 



Uses of Wood by Species. 



There is no universal wood that is, one fit for 

 everything that is made of wood, but some have 

 ranges of uses so wide and varied that they are in 

 general demand. Such a wood is white oak, yet 

 it is not suitable for a shoe last, a spool, a pat- 

 tern, a wooden limb or a violin. Other woods are 

 in practice restricted to a few uses which they 

 fill so well that by a sort of common consent they 

 are set apart for those special uses; for instance, 

 paper birch for spools, persimmon for shuttles, lo- 

 cust for small hubs and tree nails, and Spanish 

 cedar for cigar boxes. It is interesting and in- 

 structive in a manufacturing State like Missouri 

 to bring together all the commodities made of a 

 certain wood, in all the industries, and present 

 them in a single list. This is done in the pages 

 which follow. The species are arranged alpha- 

 betically so that any one of tfiem may be easily 

 found. The commodities under each species are 

 also arranged alphabetically for a like reason. It 

 should not be supposed that the uses given include 

 all that the species is fit for. The list gives only 

 uses reported in Missouri. In another State the 

 same wood might have a list of uses much shorter 

 or much longer, depending upon supply and the 

 extent to which wood manufacturers are diversi- 

 fied in that region. An example will suffice. In 

 Missouri sugar maple is reported in the manufac- 

 ture of 61 articles, and yet in Michigan its uses 

 are three times as many; but in Missouri short- 

 leaf pine has twice as many uses as the same 

 wood has in Michigan. 



Manufacturers in Missouri report the use of 56 

 species of wood in that State. Without doubt sev- 

 eral others are used and are not separately reported. 

 There are more than a dozen commercial oaks con- 

 tributing to the lumber cut of Missouri, but several 

 are called simply oak, or, if they belong to the white 

 oak group, they are listed as white oak; or if to the 

 red oak group they are designated as red oak or yel- 

 low oak. Among the oaks which almost certainly 

 enter generally into the manufactured products of 

 Missouri, though not separately reported, are the 

 following: 



Cow oak, Scarlet oak, 



Chinquapin oak, Water oak. 



Swamp white oak, Shingle oak, 



Texan oak, Willow oak, 



Some of these are generally classed by lumber- 

 men as white and others as red oak. It is usually 

 easy to distinguish the species of the two groups 

 by observing the acorns. White oaks ripen 

 their acorns in one year; red oaks require two. 

 Hickories are grouped in the same way. With most 

 mill men hickory is hickory and no identification 

 of species is attempted. In practice not much harm 

 results, because the hickories are all good, although 

 there are different degrees of fitness for special pur- 

 poses. There are seven commercial hickories in 

 the State and all of them are used for similar pur- 

 poses. They are: 



Bitternut hickory, Mockernut hickory, 



Shellbark hickory, Pignut hickory, 



Water hickory, Small pignut hickory, 



Shagbark hickory, 



There are two woods which are classed as ma- 

 hogany in manufacture. By some they are kept 

 separate, and others consider them as one. Botan- 

 ists draw a clear distinction. The mahogany that 

 has been in the American and European market for 

 two hundred years or more i the American species, 

 the genuine mahogany. It grows in Mexico. Central 

 America, Northern South America, the West Indies 

 and a small quantity in Florida. It all grows in 

 America, -jcept that a little has been planted in 

 other countries, notably in the East Indies, where a 

 small amount is cut for market. The other wood tha^ 

 pas?es in commerce as mahoaany comes from South 

 Africa and is botanically a different species, though 

 it is a very fine wood and many consider it in ev- 

 ery way equal to American mahogany. There are a 



number of other woods which sometimes pass for 

 mahogany, some foreign which are sold in their 

 natural color, others American, which must first be 

 stained to give them the mahogany color. Among 

 home woods most frequently passing for mahog- 

 any (first being stained) are yellow poplar, sweet 

 birch, black cherry and red gum. Some success has 

 attended efforts to stain California eucalyptus in 

 imitation of mahogany. The so-called white mahog- 

 any is prima vera and is listed under its proper 

 name in this report. 



The uses for which the several woods are reported 

 in the lists which follow should not be understood to 

 include all the uses for which the woods are suit- 

 able. In many instances, classes or ranges of uses 

 only can be shown. For example, white oak listed 

 for furniture includes many articles and kinds of 

 furniture. It would be impracticable to name all of 

 them. In the same way, when cottonwood is listed 

 for boxes that is deemed sufficient without specific 

 mention of each kind of the score or hundred sorts 

 of boxes for which this wood is used in Missouri. 

 It will thus be understood that no greater complete- 

 ness is claimed for the lists of uses than that they 

 indicate the scope and range of usefulness which 

 has been found for the different woods of the State. 



Basswood. 



Agricultural implements, automobiles, bank fix- 

 tures, baskets, bottle packing, boxes, bread boards, 

 carriage panels, caskets, cigar boxes, corn planters, 

 crates, cultivators, drawer bottoms, excelsior, fan- 

 ning mills, go-carts, grain separators, grass seeders, 

 hobby horses, ironing boards, kitchen cabinets, 

 kichen ables, meat boards, molding, music cabi- 

 nets, picture frames, refrigerators, sample cases, 

 show cases, sleeve boards, soap boards, stretching 

 horses, table tops, trays, trunks, wheelbarrows. 



Beech. 



Agricultural implements, baskets, boxes, brush 

 backs, chairs, coat hangers, electro base blocks, fan- 

 ning mill frames, fixtures, furniture, hames, han- 

 dles, hand sleds,, hobby horses, meat boards, planes, 

 pulleys, refrigerators, showcases, stepladders, trunk 

 slats, washing machines, weighing machines, wheel- 

 barrows, woodenware. 



Black Cherry. 



Bases for electros, furniture, interior finish, mod- 

 els, musical insruments, parquetry, patterns, saw 

 handles, store fixtures, trays (for jewelry). 



Black Pine. 



Cigar boxes. 



Black Spruce. 



Aeroplanes, automobiles, blinds, ceiling, doors, 

 finish, fixtures, musical instruments, picture frames, 

 shelving, siding, sounding boards, violin tops. 



Black Walnut. 



Automobiles, ballot boxes, bank fixtures, carv- 

 ings, furniture, gun stocks, handles, interior fin- 

 ish, knobs, molding, music cabinets, passenger 

 cars, pianos, picture frames, showcases, steering 

 wheels, wooden novelties. 



Black Willow. 



Boxes, crates, drawer bottoms, meat boxes, of- 

 fice fixtures, pantry shelves, wagon beds, wooden 

 limbs. 



Boxwood. 



Engraving blocks, tools. 



Bur Oak. 



Bookcases, cars, chairs, fixtures, furniture, hay 

 presses, interior finish, molding, stairs, threshing 

 machines, wagons. 



Butternut. 



Furniture, interior finish, molding, novelties, 

 screen doors, window frames. 

 Chestnut. 



Burial boxes, caskets, coffins, fixtures, furniture, 

 interior finish, mirror frames, molding, musical in- 

 struments, pianos, picture frames, showcases, toys. 

 Circassian Walnut. 



Bank fixtures, chairs, finish, furniture, knobs, 

 molding, panels, pianos, picture frames, steering 

 weeels, stools. 



Cottonwood. 



Agricultural implements, baskets, blacksmith bel- 

 lows, bookcases, bottle packing, buggy bodies, 

 boxes, cart trees, chairs, clothes racks, crates, dough 

 boards, drawer bottoms, doors, egg cases, excelsior 

 for mattresses, fanning mills, fixtures, ice boxes, 

 interior finish, ironing boards, kitchen tables, lad- 

 ders, lawn swings, mirror frames, molding, pan- 

 els, picture frames, poultry coops, refrigerators, 

 saddle trees, sash, shelving, siding, sleeve boards, 

 threshing machines, towel racks, veneer cores, 

 wagon beds, washboards, washing machines, wood- 

 enware. 



Cypress. 



Agricultural implements, alfalfa renovators, bee- 

 hives, boats, broom handles, burial boxes, caskets, 

 ceiling, coffee drums, coffins, cornice, counter tops, 

 disc cultivators, disc furrow openers, fire doors, 

 fixtures, furniture, grain separators, hothouse sash, 

 ice-cream freezers, interior finish, ironing boards, 

 laundry tubs, molding, newel posts, office fixtures, 

 organ pipes, panels, porch blinds, sash, seed clean- 

 ers, shiplap, showcases, shuttles, siding, silos, 

 sleeve boards, spindles, stair railing, tanks, thresh- 



ing machines, windmills, window frames, window 

 screens, window sills. 



Douglas Fir. 



Bank fixtures, bottle packing, car beams, car sid- 

 ing, ceiling, corn buskers, doors, drills (grain), drug 

 cabinets, extension ladders, flooring, furniture, grain 

 separators, hay-press plungers, hay-press sweeps, 

 hothouse benches, hothouse sash, ice boxes, inte- 

 rior finish, mantels, newel posts, passenger cars, 

 plumbers' woodwork, poles (flag), potato planters, 

 porch columns, porch railing, refrigerators, shelv- 

 ing, showcases, sideboards, siding, standing desks, 

 tanks, vehicle tongues, wagon beds, wagon tongues, 

 weighing machines, windmills, window frames, win- 

 dow sash, window sills. 



Ebony. 



Bass viol pegs, brush backs, cello finger-boards, 

 guitars, lodge furniture, mandolins, piano keys, vio- 

 lin finger-boards, violin pegs. 



English Walnut. 

 Gun stocks. 



Hackberry. 



Cart trees, handles, saddle trees, stitching horse 

 jaws, wagon boards. 



Hickory. 



Agricultural implements, automobile wheels, ax 

 handles, axles, buggy poles, buggy shafts, cant 

 hook handles, cultivators, double trees, dowels, 

 eveners, grain separators, hammer handles, hubs, 

 huskers, ladders, limbs (artificial), mallets, neck 

 yokes, oxbows, pike poles, pitmans, rules, separa- 

 tors (grain), shellers, singletrees, spokes, wagon 

 gears, wagon poles, wheelbarrows, whip handles, 

 windmill rods. 



Holly. 



Brush backs, novelties, parquetry. 

 Locust. 



Agricultural implements, hubs, tree nails. 

 Lcngleaf Pine. 



Agricultural machinery, awning poles, bank fix- 

 tures, bean boxes (scales), boxes, car material, 

 cart shafts, ceiling, chicken coops, columns (porch), 

 cornice crates, door frames, doors, drug cabinets, 

 eveners, extension ladders, fanning mills, fixtures, 

 flooring, handcars, hay presses, huskers, ice boxes, 

 interior finish, kitchen furniture, passenger cars, 

 plumbers' woodwork, potato diggers, refrigerators, 

 sash, shoecases, siding, silos, spindles, stair horses, 

 stair rails, stair steps, stepladders, tanks, tent poles, 

 threshing machines, wagon beds, wagon poles, 

 weighing machines, windmills, window frames, win- 

 dow sash, window sills. 



Longleafed Willow. 



Artificial limbs. 



Mahogany. 



Airship propeller, airship wheels, automobile 

 handrails, automobile dashboards, cookcases, book- 

 racks, burial boxes, cabinets, carvings (caskets), 

 caskets, chairs, china closets, coffins, counter tops, 

 filing cabinets, fixtures, furniture, hall grasses, hall 

 trees, interior finish, mandolin, mirror frames, mold- 

 ing, office fixtures, panels, parquetry flooring, pat- 

 terns, pews, pianos, picture frames, plumbers' wood- 

 work, pulpits, showcases, sleeping cars, telephone 

 boxes, turned work, umbrella stands, violins, wall 

 cases, wardrobes. 



Northern White Cedar. 

 Street car ceiling. 



Norway Pine. 

 Screens, window frames. 



Paper Birch. 

 Tobacco pipe stems. 



Pecan. 

 Wagon crossbars. 



Post Oak. 



Locomotive pilots, sign posts, signs (railroad), 

 wagon stocks. 



Prima Vera. 

 Musical instruments. 



Red Cedar. 



Burial boxes, caskets, clothes chests, coffins, fur- 

 niture, office fixtures, wardrobes, window sills. 



Red Gum. 



Ballot boxes, bank fixtures, baskets, bookcases, 

 boxes, china closets, cigar boxes, clothing cabinets, 

 coffee drums, counter tops, crates, desks, doors, 

 drawer bottoms, dressers, filing cabinets, furniture, 

 garment hangers, hobby horses, hall trees, handles, 

 interior finish, mirror frames, mission furniture, 

 molding, musical instruments, office fixtures, opera 

 chairs, panels, parlor furniture, pedestals, pianos, 

 picture frames, plumbers' woodwork, refrigerators, 

 saddle trees, shipping drums, shoo-flies, typewriter 

 tables, veneer bottle packing, window frames, ward- 

 robes. 



Red Oak. 



Agricultural implements, automobiles, balusters, 

 bookcases, bookracks, boxes, brackets, cabinets, 

 ceiling, chair stock, chair closets, cupboards, desks, 

 door frames, door knobs, doors, eveners, fanning 

 mills, farm wagons, filing devices, flooring, furni- 

 ture, ice boxes, interior finish, lawn furniture, mold- 

 ing, Morris chairs, musical instruments, newels, of- 

 fice partitions, panels, parquetry floors, passenger 



