WOOD-USING INDUSTRIES OF MONTANA. 



ing), shelves, trunk boxes (3-ply veneer), trunk 

 trays (veneer), veneer (basket), veneer cores. 



Cherry Fixtures, trunk slats. 



Douglas Fir Bar fixtures, cabinet work, casing, 

 chairs, chiffoniers, crates, doors, drawers, dress- 

 ers, frames, fruit boxes, fruit crates, furniture, 

 house finish, household fixtures, packing boxes. 



ing, crates, doors, interior finish, meat crates, 

 packing boxes, sash, vegetable crates. 



Western Red Cedai Cabinets, caskets, Shirt- 

 waist boxes. 



Western White Pine Boxes, casing, caskets, cof- 

 fin boxes, door casing, doors, fruit boxes, packing 

 boxes, patterns, sash, screen frames, trunk boxes, 

 trunk trays, window casing. 



Western Yellow Pine Boxes, cabinets, door cas- 



FORES 



TABLE XIV SUMMARY OP AVERAGE COST F. O. B. FACTORY, REPORTED BY THE SEVERAL, IN- 

 DUSTRIES FOR THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF WOODS. 



panels, poultry crates, sash, screen frames, shelves, 

 store finish, store fixtures, tables, vegetable crates. 



Engelmann Spruce Butter boxes, fruit boxes. 



Hickory Felloes, spokes, trunk slats, wagon 

 gears, wagon poles. 



Maple Furniture repair, laundry washers, wagon 

 gears, wagon poles. 



Oak (Red and White) Bar fixtures, cabinets, 

 doors, double trees, felloes, finish, sash, show 

 cases, single trees, store fixtures, table tops, wagon 

 bottoms, wagon poles, wagon sills, wagon stakes, 

 wall cases. 



Wa In ut Fixtures. 



Western Birch Finish, fixtures. 



Western Larch Apple boxes, butter boxes, cas- 



ing, door framing, doors, fixtures, fruit boxes, in- 

 terior finish, meat boxes, packing boxes, sash, 

 screen frames, shelving, window casing, window 

 frames. 



White Elm Trunk slats. 



Yellow Poplar Automobile bodies, vehicle body 

 sides. 



DIRECTORY 



The following is a list of wood-using manufac- 

 turers in Montana who contributed data on which 

 this report is based. Manufacturers producing 

 several of the classified products appear in the 

 list, with their addresses, under each industry in 

 which their product is classified. 



, AGl 



Boxes 



Anaconda Copper Mining Co., 

 Jessup Milling Co., Jessup. 



Libby Lumber Co., Libby. UNIVERSITY Of CAI 



Western Lumber Co., Lathrop. 



Cabinet Work 



McRae & Cluston, Great Falls. 

 L. F. Thibodeau, Anaconda. 



Coffins and Coffin Boxes 

 Capital Casket Co., Butte. 



Fixtures 



Ben Benson, Helena. 

 Brown Lumber Co., Helena. 

 Great Falls Lumber Co., Great Falls. 

 Hutchinson Lumber Co., Whitefish. 

 Interstate Lumber Co., Helena- 

 Montana Sash & Door Co., Billings 

 McRae & Cluston, Great Falls. 

 Riverview Manufacturing Co., Hamilton. 

 H. F. Smith, Helena. 

 L. F. Thibodeau, Anaconda. 

 Furniture 



McRae & Cluston, Great Falls. 

 Riverview Manufacturing Co., Hamilton. 

 Miscellaneous 



Patterns 

 Billings Foundry & Manufacturing Co., Billings 



Sash and Doors 

 C. C. Cain, Helena. 

 Libby Lumber Co., Libby. 

 McRae & Cluston, Great Falls. 

 Montana Sash & Door Co., Billings. 

 Riverview Manufacturing Co., Riverview. 

 L. F. Thibodeau, Anaconda. 

 Western Montana Flouring Co., Missoula. 



Trunks 



Evans Brothers Trunk Co., Missoula. 

 Great Falls Trunk Factory, Missoula. 



Wagon Works 



Billings Foundry & Manufacturing Co., Billings. 

 L. F. Thibodeau, Anaconda. 



FOREST SERVICE GIVES RESULTS OF VALUABLE TESTS OF STRUCTURAL TIMBERS 



The U. S. Forest Service has recently issued 

 Bulletin 108, "Tests of Structural Timber," by Mc- 

 Garvey Cline, Director of the Forest Products Lab- 

 oratory, and A. L. Heim, Engineer in Forest Prod- 

 ucts. This bulletin is a summary of the results of 

 investigations of the mechanical properties of the 

 most important structural timbers of the United 

 States, and is of particular interest to Northwest 

 lumber manufacturers, timberland owners and en- 

 gineers. It gives the properties of our most im- 

 portant Northwest woods and woods from other 

 regions of the United States with which these 

 woods come in competition. 



These timber tests are part of the program of 

 testing work inaugurated by the government a 

 number of years ago, and are the most exhaustive 

 series of investigations for determining the me- 

 chanical properties of wood ever undertaken by 

 any government. 



The publication describes the various species on 

 which tests were made and contains a map show- 

 ing the distribution of these species. The tests 

 were made on various commercial sizes, so that 

 the results are directly applicable and representa- 

 tive of the strength of the wood in the various 

 grades in which it reaches the market. 



The tables contained in the publication give all 

 of the strength functions of the wood, including 

 its bending strength, stiffness, shearing strength, 

 compressive strength along the grain, and com- 

 pressive strength across the grain. In addition, 

 laboratory, determinations of the average moisture 

 content of the wood, its rate of growth and weight, 

 are included. The authors have presented in con- 

 cise diagrammatic form the variation In strength 

 through the limits of quality represented by the 

 various species, and also give in like form the re- 

 lationship between the rate of growth, weight and 

 other physical elements, and the strength and 

 stiffness of the various woods. 



This bulletin is the first composite statement of 

 the results of tests on many woods, and readily 

 shows the relatiive structural merits of the princi- 

 pal timbers of the United States. It contains an 

 analysis of the effect of various defects found in 

 commercial size timbers on the strength of the 

 timber and its stiffness two important elements 

 considered in the design of timber structures. The 

 analysis of the effect of knots and their location 

 in timber beams on the mechanical properties of 

 the various species Is both interesting and conclu- 

 sive. The results of the tests form the basis for 

 a discussion of the grading rules now used for the 

 various kinds of timber, and indicate the reliability 

 of these rules for dividing the timbers according to 

 the service which they should give. 



In addition to the composite tables showing the 

 average strength values for like grades and like 

 sizes of commercial timbers, the publication gives 

 the results of each test made on each of the tim- 

 bers which form the basis for the publication. 



The following table shows the average strength 



values on the various sizes of the most important 

 woods tested as beams, and gives the relation be- 

 tween the strength of commercial sizes and the 

 strength of small pieces of the same wood contain- 

 ing no defects. These results are based entirely 

 on tests of green material, since the moisture con- 

 tent of wood materially affects its strength, and 

 green material is used so that all species may be 

 compared on a uniform basis: 



The column headed "Modulus of Rupture" in the 



above table gives the unit strength of the species 

 and is a measure of the maximum load required to 

 work the timber to destruction. The column headed 

 "Modulus of Elasticity" gives the unit measure of 

 the stiffness of the wood. 



This is a publication of merit which should serve 

 an excellent purpose in standardizing the struc- 

 tural timbers of the country. It can be obtained 

 upon request to any of the offices of the Govern- 

 ment Forest Service or to the Public Printer at 

 Washington, D. C. 



AVERAGE STRENGTH; VALUES FOR BENDING TESTS ON GREEN MATERIAL OP DIFFERENT SIZES 



