Table II represents only wood used in the actual 

 construction of finished boxes or crates in Mon- 

 tana. 



TABLE II BOXES. 



Sash and Doors 



While the woods native to Montana are highly 

 serviceable for supplying the demand for sash 

 and doors, and quantities of these are manufac- 

 tured in the state, a large proportion of the sash 

 and doors made from Montana woods are made 

 up in other states. Within the state more than 

 one and one-half million feet of wood are used 

 annually in the production of sash and doors. 

 Western yellow pine locally grown furnishes 54.73 

 per cent of the total quantity of wood employed by 

 this industry. Douglas fir supplies 40.74 per cent, 

 and of the 667,000 feet of this wood used annually 

 637,000 feet are imported from Western Oregon 

 and Washington, where the timber is superior In 

 quality to the local Douglas fir. 



Wood suitable for Gash and doors must be fairly 

 strong, straight grained and clear, and must work 

 easily with machine and hand tools. The wood 

 should retain its form permanently after season- 

 ing without shrinking or warping and in general 

 should show a pleasing grain when finished. 

 Where a natural grain finish is desired by stain- 

 ing, Douglas fir or eastern oak is employed; where 

 the doors are to be painted or varnished western 

 yellow pine or western white pine is used. 



Western larch is used for sash and doors in 

 only small amounts, although it is well suited for 

 the purpose. It is considered equal to Douglas fir 

 in beai'tv of grain when properly finished. 



TABLE III SASH AND DOORS. 



Fixtures 



Eight woods are used for the production of fix- 

 tures by factories in Montana. Of these, the only 

 wood grown in the state is western yellow pine. 

 Only two soft woods are used, Douglas fir and 

 western yellow pine. Douglas fir supplies 45.45 

 per cent of all of the wood used annually for fix- 

 tures, and all of it is obtained from Western 

 Washington and Oregon. 



Eastern oak is imported at an average cost of 

 $77.11 per thousand feet, delivered at the factory, 

 and furnishes 29.3 per cent of all of the wood used 

 for fixtures. Cherry and walnut are used spar- 

 ingly and are the most expensive woods employed. 

 These are purchased, mixed, at a price of $130 

 per thousand feet, delivered at the factory. Pro- 

 ducers of fixtures in Montana pay $64,151 per year 

 for their raw material, or an average price of 

 $47.99 per thousand feet. 



Wood used for fixtures is generally more ex- 

 pensive than woods used for other purposes. 

 Beauty of grain and finishing properties enhance 

 the value of fixture woods. Only clear material 

 of high grade is employed for exposed parts. 



TABLE IV FIXTURES. 



tries in the quantity of wood consumed annually. 

 Only two species contribute to supply this indus- 

 try and both prow within the state, although quan- 

 tities of each are imported from other states. 

 Western white pine is employed principally for 

 coffin boxes, while western red cedar is used for 

 coffins. Western white pine furnished 79.8 per 

 cent of the wood used for this purpose, while 

 western red cedar supplied 20.2 per cent. The 

 average cost of woods used for coffins and coffin 

 boxes in Montana was $18.38 per thousand feet 

 delivered, and the total cost of all wood used 

 for this purpose annually within the state was 

 $2,003. 



Wood for coffin boxes must be light in weight, 

 soft and straight grained and must hold nails 

 well. In fact, any wood suited to the manufacture 

 of packing boxes can be used for coffin boxes. 

 For coffins, however, a higher class wood is gen- 

 erally employed, and western red cedar supplies 

 the demand for low grade coffins only. This is 

 generally covered with cloth after being shaped 

 in the form of a casket. Its principal recommenda- 

 tions for this use are its easy working properties, 

 light weight and durability. This cedar is used 

 in quantities throughout the Northwest for cas- 

 kets. White pine is also serviceable for caskets 

 when the finished box is to be covered with cloth. 

 High grade caskets made of hardwoods or other 

 materials are not produced locally. 



TABLE V COFFINS AND COFFIN BOXES. 



Cabinets 



Four woods are used in Montana for cabinet 

 work. Cottonwood, the only broad leaf tree em- 

 ployed, furnishes 62.5 per cent of all of the wood 

 used for this purpose. This wood is all grown 

 within the state. The only wood imported by 

 cabinet makers is Douglas fir, which supplies 2,000 

 feet, or 5 per cent, of the total consumption. Only 

 high grade material is employed for cabinet work, 

 as is indicated by the average price paid in Mon- 

 tana, which is $37 per thousand feet for all woods. 

 The industry is not extensive, and it is significant 

 that no Eastern hardwoods, such as oak, walnut, 

 cherry, and imported woods, such as mahogany, 

 are employed. This indicates the somewhat low 

 grade cabinets produced in the state. High class 

 products of this nature are imported from regions 

 affording a better class of wood. 



Cabinet woods are generally selected because 

 of the beauty of their grain when stained, or their 

 ability to take a smooth finish. They should work 

 well and retain their form when finished. High 

 grade clear stock is generally demanded. 



In addition to the cabinet woods reported in 

 Table VI, large amounts of local woods are used 

 by carpenters and other woodworkers for built-in 

 cabinet work in stores and houses. 



Table VI 



Coffins and Coffin Boxes 



The manufacture of coffins and coffin boxes in 

 Montana ranks fourth among the state's Indus- 



Trunks and Cases 



While most of the trunks and cases which ulti- 

 mately reach the consumer in the state of Montana 

 are imported, nevertheless trunk manufacturers in 

 the state consume 27,000 board feet of lumber an- 

 nually. Of the five species employed by trunk 

 makers in Montana, four are hardwoods. The 

 only softwood used is western white pine, which 

 goes into trunk boxes and trays. Elm and chert\\ 

 are used for slats, while Cottonwood, in the form 

 of three-ply veneer, and bass wood are employed 

 for boxes and trays. 



The requirements of a good box wood are es- 

 sential for trunk boxes and trunk trays. They 

 must be light in weight, straight grained and 

 clear, and must hold nails well. Trunk slats must 

 be hard and strong and resist abrasion. 



Trunk boxes and trays made of white pine 

 grown in the state consume 74 per cent of all the 

 wood used by this industry. While all of the 

 cottonwood used for cabinet work in Montana 

 was grown within the state, that used by trunk- 

 makers all came from outside the state. 



The average price of woods used for trunks and 

 cases in Montana was $27.74 per thousand feet. 

 Basswood at $60 per thousand feet f. o. b. factory 



was the most expensive wood used, while white 

 pine at $22 per thousand feet was the cheapest. 



The manufacture of trunks and cases is confined 

 almost entirely to the cities of Missoula, Butte 

 and Great Falls. 



TABLE VII TRUNKS AND CASES. 



Furniture 



Only 21,000 feet of wood is used annually in 

 Montana for furniture, and practically all of this 

 goes into furniture repairs rather than the manu- 

 facture of new stock. Practically all of the furni- 

 ture used in the state is manufactured in Eastern 

 markets. 



Only two woods are used for furniture repairs, 

 Douglas fir and maple. The Douglas fir is ob- 

 tained from the west coast of Oregon and Wash- 

 ington, and the maple in Eastern markets. The 

 first of these supplies 71.4 per cent of the wood 

 used at an average price of $40 per thousand feet. 

 The second supplies 28.8 per cent at an average 

 price of $125 per thousand feet. The wood is ob- 

 tained as clear stock, as is Indicated- by the high 

 price. 



TABLE VIII FURNITURE. 



Wagon Stock 



Montana wagon makers use only 10,000 feet of 

 lumber annually and this is employed entirely in 

 the production of specific parts for repair work. 

 Five species of hardwoods supply the entire de- 

 mand for wagon stock and no softwoods are re- 

 ported by wagon repairers in the state. Eastern 

 oak, which is employed in the running gear, for 

 poles, felloes and single and double trees, supplies 

 40 per cent of the wood used. For body work on 

 wagons and automobiles yellow poplar and bass- 

 wood are employed. These furnish, respectively, 

 18 per cent and 7 per cent of the total consump- 

 tion. 



All woods used for wagon stock in Montana 

 are imported from the East at an average cost of 

 $94.71 per thousand feet delivered. Hickory and 

 maple are used interchangeably for repairs to the 

 running gear of wagons. Woods used for wagon 

 wheels and axles, single and double trees and 

 poles are selected for their strength, stiffness and 

 toughness, while woods used for wagon beds, boxes 

 and the bodies of automobiles and buggies are 

 generally comparatively soft with good finishing 

 and working qualities and susceptible to bending. 



TABLE IX WAGON STOCK. 



Miscellaneous 



The miscellaneous consumption of wood in the 

 state is chiefly for veneer, patterns and excelsior. 

 One hundred and eighty-five thousand feet, board 

 measure, are manufactured into these three com- 

 modities annually. Cottonwood, the only local 

 hardwood used in Montana, supplies practically the 

 entire demand for veneer and excelsior wood, and 

 180,000 board feet are used annually for these pur- 

 poses. White pine used for patterns is grown 

 outside the state, and the annual consumption 

 is only 5000 feet. This wood is purchased at an 

 average price of $40 per thousand feet, delivered 

 to the consumer. 



Cottonwood is quite generally employed through- 

 out the Northwest for veneer and excelsior. In 

 fact, for excelsior it is used almost to the ex- 

 clusion of other species. Cottonwood veneer sup- 

 plies the berry box and basket trade, and is some- 



