28 



THE LUMBER TRADE JOURNAL 



[January 1, 1911'. 



Table 17. 

 MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. 



Species 



Longleaf pine 



Cypress 



Yellow poplar 



Red gum 



Shortleaf pine 



Tupelo 



Cottonwood 



White elm 



Mahogany 



Chestnut 



White pine 



Hickory 



White ash 



Red cedar 



River birch 



White oak 



Evergreen magnolia 



Loblolly pine 



Soft maple 



Texan oak 



Red oak 



Persimmon 



Dogwood , 



Osage orange 



Sugar maple 



Cherry 



Hardy catalpa 



Umbrella wood 



Mulberry 



Water oak 



Willow oak . 



Av. cost 



Quantity per 1000 

 used annually feet at 



(Ft. B.M.) factory. Total cost. 

 $48,520 

 78,396 

 28,060 

 7,510 

 4,630 

 7,265 

 2,745 

 720 

 4,600 

 1,400 

 1,975 

 790 

 310 

 810 

 120 

 220 

 92 

 70 

 48 

 75 

 138 

 20 

 25 

 25 

 60 

 10 

 25 

 25 

 10 

 10 

 10 



Grown in Louisiana. 

 Av. cost 

 per 1,000 



Quantity feet at 

 (Ft. B.M.) factory. 



6,666,500 $ 7.28 

 4,011,000 19.54 



Grown Outside La. 



Av. cost 



per 1,000 



Quantity feet at 

 (Ft. B.M.) factory. 



801,000 f35.03 

 230,000 7.39 



191,000 

 60,000 

 40,000 

 40,000 

 24,500 

 2,000 



8.09 

 12.00 

 115.00 

 35.00 

 30tOO 

 30.00 



16,000 50.62 



Totals 13,753,900 |13.72 $188,714 12,339,400 $12.11 1,414,500 $27.93 



pears small in the table, are woods in pretty general 

 use, though almost invariably under other names. 

 This is more fully set forth, with reasons for it, 

 in the discussion following table 1 of this report. 



Ten states and one foreign country supply the 

 wood listed in this table, which Louisiana does 

 not procure from its own forests. Some hickory Is 

 reported from Alabama and Indiana; sugar maple 

 from Maine; mahogany from Mexico; white pine 

 from Michigan; red oak from Indiana and Wiscon- 

 sin; cottonwood from Mississippi and Missouri; red 

 cedar from Tennessee; persimmon, dogwood, and 

 yellow poplar from Alabama, and chestnut from 

 North Carolina and Kentucky. 



The articles made are sold in many parts of the 

 world. Wooden water pipe of banded cypress staves 

 finds a large market in Mexico where it is used 

 in draining mines, or in leading water to them, 

 or in supplying it for municipal or manufacturing 

 purposes. Trunks have their principal foreign mar- 

 ket in the several countries of Central America. 

 The wood of which the trunks are made is chiefly 

 cottonwood, cypress, red cedar and ash. Some of 

 this is three-ply veneer. The red cedar is made 

 into trunk trays, it being in demand for that pur- 

 pose because of its odor, which is supposed to be 

 obnoxious to moths and other injurious insects which 

 are liable to infest stored clothing. 



One of the most widely sold products of Louisi- 

 ana wood manufacturers is cotton ginning machin- 

 ery. Practically every cotton-growing country of 

 the world buys some of it. India and Egypt are 

 particularly good customers. The machinery con- 

 sists of feeders, presses, condensers, and eleva- 

 tors, with necessary appliances. Four woods are 

 reported for these commodities, longleaf pine, red 

 gum, tupelo, and cypress. 



Much longleaf pine is sent to the distilling plants 

 and is converted into various commercial commo- 

 dities, among them being tar, turpentine, char- 

 coal, pine oil, tar oil, and pyroligneous acid. Most 

 of the wood for distillation is procured from old 

 stumps. It is therefore a utilization of waste. 

 Limbs and defective logs unfit for lumber are also 

 used. The extent to which this industry may be 

 developed depends upon the market for the pro- 

 ducts and the cost of manufacture; for the supply 

 of waste is without limit at this time. The cost 

 of cutting the pine stumps at the level of the ground 

 is an item of some consequence. 



Cypress is the chief wood entering into refrigera- 

 tor construction, and outside of the state, the prin- 

 ciple market for refrigerators is in Central America. 

 Only one wood was reported for ladders, shortleaf 

 pine. Cypress is the most important wood for wash- 

 ing machines, and the product is sold in Canada, 

 West Indies, and Europe, as well as in the United 

 States. Some of the output is shipped in the form 

 of cut and fitted parts, to be assembled and finished 

 when they reach their factory destination. 



Coffins and caskets are made of several woods. 

 The cheaper grades are of tupelo and red gum. More 



expensive woods enter into the better grades. Among 

 them are yellow poplar, cypress, red cedar, chest- 

 nut, and mahogany. The lasting properties of cy- 

 press have made ii a favorite casket wood since the 

 first settlements by Europeans in Louisiana. Ex- 

 pensive caskets are in more demand in some parts 

 of the state now than formerly, particularly in New 

 Orleans. When the towns and cities were poorly 

 drained, vaults above ground were preferred by 

 those who could afford the additional expense; but 

 with good drainage, the manner of burial has un- 

 dergone a change, and high grade caskets are grow- 

 ing in demand. Much mahogany is used. In some 

 instances casket shells and burial boxes are made 

 of wormy mahogany, .because it is cheaper. It an- 

 swers as well for the purpose intended as the high 

 grade wood. Wormy mahogany is as sound as 

 any, so far as decay is concerned, but is perforated 

 by small holes varying in size from a pin point 

 to a lead pencil. The holes are the work of the 

 teredo or shipworm, and represent a period in the 

 mahogany log's history, on its way from forest to 

 factory, when it was submerged in salt water for a 

 considerable time. Most of the logs are cut in 

 Mexico, and by various methods of transportation, 

 by land and water, reach New Orleans. It is evi- 

 dent that some of the logs, somewhere on their 

 journey, are occasionally left a little too long in 

 briny water, and the teredo gets in its work. The 

 perforated mahogany is very similar in appearance 



to "sound wormy" chestnut, which Is a very com- 

 mon form of that wood, regularly carried by most 

 lumber yards. In the manufacture of coffins and 

 caskets in Louisiana, chestnut and wormy mahogany 

 are used for the same purpose. Yellow poplar and 

 red cedar are employed in the manufacture of fine 

 caskets. A large part of the trade is with foreign 

 countries. High grade caskets are sold in Mexico, 

 Central America, Panama, West Indies, and South 

 America. 



Longleaf pine is manufactured into paving blocks, 

 which are creosoted, and sold in different parts of 

 the United States and in Mexico. Shortleaf and 

 loblolly pines are not objectionable for paving- 

 blocks, if trees are selected with narrow annual 

 rings. As a usual thing, the yearly rings of the 

 longleaf pine are closer together than are those of 

 other southern pines. 



The river birch which is listed in the table was 

 all made into ox yokes. It is considered one of tha 

 best woods for that purpose, because it is 

 strong, wears smooth, is moderately light, and re- 

 sists decay. Three other woods are occasionally 

 made into ox yokes, evergreen magnolia, black gum, 

 and tupelo. The ox yolte industry is of considerable 

 importance In Louisiana where large numbers of 

 oxen are worked in logging operations. 



Most of the white pine and some of the cypress 

 represented In table 17, were made into patterns. 

 The cypress Is cheaper, and where it will answer, 

 it has replaced white pine, but for exacting work, 

 no other wood equal to white pine for patterns has 

 been found. 



, The brush industry in Louisiana is not large, but 

 trade in the finished product is both domestic and 

 foreign. Eight woods are used, mahogany, white 

 oak, white ash, sugar maple, yellow poplar, tupelo, 

 red gum, and evergreen magnolia. No other indus- 

 try paid as high a price for white oak. Following 

 are the kinds of brushes made: Asphalt brushes with 

 steel teeth for sweeping asphalt pavement; cast- 

 ing brushes with steel teeth for painting ships; 

 spiral flue brushes; spiral bottle brushes; ant paste 

 brushes used by confectioners to keep ants out of 

 cake and candy boxes; deck scrubs for cleaning 

 the woodwork of ships; house scrubs; street brooms; 

 tar brushes for spreading tar on roofs; car wash- 

 ers for cleaning the exteriors of Pullman cars; 

 clothes brushes; hair brushes; paint and whitewash 

 brushes of many kinds. The magnolia reported 

 has taken the place of holly for fine brush backs. 

 It is sometimes made up strip and strip about with 

 mahogany, a back with alternate dark and light 

 stripes resulting. The mahogany used Is Chiefly 

 scraps from other factories. Very small pieces 

 can be used. At the present time, Panama buys 

 a good many brushes made In Louisiana. 



The absence of a table in this report showing 

 the handle industry in Louisiana is due to the fact 

 that very little such manufacturing was reported 

 Some thousands of split hickory cant hook handles 

 are made, and there are a few handles of other 

 kinds. The absence of an extensive handle indus- 

 try in the state is remarkable, because Louisiana 

 is a large producer of such hickory as handles are 

 made of. All that was reported is included ia 

 Table 17. The annual use of wood for handles in 

 several states follows: Massachusetts 770,500 feet, 

 Wisconsin 1,650,000, Oregon 1,854,400, North Caro- 

 lina 3,595,000, Illinois 12,582,000 and Kentucky 35,- 

 670,000. 



Industries 



Table 18. 

 SUMMARY OF PRECEDING TABLES OF INDUSTRIES. 



Average price paid for 

 lumber at the factories 

 per 1.000 ft. B.M. 



Planing mill products (Table 2) 



Boxes (Table 4) 



Doors, sash, blinds, etc. (Table 6) . . . 



Furniture (Table 7) 



Vehicles and vehicle parts (Table 9) . 



Tanks (Table 11) 



Boat and ship building (Table 13) . . . 



Fixtures (Table 15) 



Miscellaneous (Table 17) 



Totals. 



The ratio of total cut in the state to the amount 

 further manufactured is not the same for all the 

 species. The cut by species as given in the table 

 which follows is from the Census Bureau's figures. 

 "Forest Products of the United States, 1909," pub- 



$11.49 

 9.77 

 17.95 

 12.66 

 19.46 

 15.25 

 24.49 

 37.12 

 13.72 



$11.63 



Apportionment 



of the total 

 quantity of lumber 

 among the industries 

 ( Approx. per cent.) 



90.28 

 4.13 

 2.69 

 0.62 

 0.49 

 0.42 

 0.34 

 0.02 

 1.01 



100.00 



lished 1911. Some of the species are grouped with 

 others, and totals can be given for the groups only. 

 In but one instance did Louisiana manufacture a 

 larger quantity of a wood than its saw mills cut 

 yellow poplar. Table 19 shows the amounts and 

 percentages. 



