32 



THE LUMBER TRADE JOURNAL 



[January 1, 1912. 



Miscellaneous. 



American Turpentine and Tar Co., New Orleans 



Bancroft, Ross & Sinclair Co., New Orleans 



Beyerbach, Phillip P.. New Orleans 



Bullon, D. C., & Co., Bolinger 



Carrollton Excelsior & Fuel Co., New Orleans 



('onnell Iron Works New Orleans 



Crescent City Moss Ginnery, New Orleans 



Crescent Felt Mattress Works, New Orleans 



Crescent Trunk Co., New Orleans 



Duffy Trunk Co., New Orleans 



Fields Manufacturing Co., Shreveport 



Gullett Gin Co., Amite 



Hallott Manufacturing Co., New Orleans 



Hammond Building and Manufacturing Co., Hammond 



Kyle Lumber Co., Franklin 



Laitner Brush Co., New Orleans 



Leslie, J. I., Ringgold 



Louisiana Creosoting Co., Winnfleld 



Mass, Jacob & Co., New Orleans 



McGee Manufacturing Co. New Orleans 



Murphy Iron Works, New Orleans 



New Orleans Trunk Co., New Orleans 



Orleans Manufacturing Co., New Orleans 



I'aync & .loubert, New Orleans 



Swoop, Julian M., New Orleans 



Simthora Mattress Works, New Orleans 



\Veis & Lesli Manufacturing Co., Delhi 



\Vyckoffi, A., & Son., Alexandria 



APPENDIX. ' 



' The Bureau of the Census, in cooperation with 

 the Forest Service, collects and publishes year 1 

 year statistics showing the output of lumber, lath, 

 shingles, cooperage, veneer, and certain other for 

 est products in the United States and in the sepa- 

 rate states. That work is independent of the studies 

 oi the manufactures which the Forest Service has 

 made in several of the states. The latter supple- 

 ments the former, and care is taken that work done 

 by the Bureau of the Census is not duplicated. The 

 Forest Service begins where the Census leaves oft 

 after lumber leaves the sawmill. There are cer- 

 tain products which are in their finished form when 

 they appear in the Census figures, and for that rea- 

 son they are outside the scope of the Forest Ser- 

 vice's study, because they are not subject to fur- 

 ther manufacture. If, however, a state's wood-using 

 industries are to be fully presented, it becomes 

 necessary to include some of the census statistics. 

 Such is the purpose of this appendix. The figures 

 which the census gives are for all states, but such 

 only as relate to Louisiana are here presented and 

 in condensed form.* 



Those who wish to examine the statistics more In 

 detail are referred to "Forest Products of the United 

 States 1909," issued in final form May 19, 1911, Govern- 

 ment Printing Office, Washington, 'D. C., compiled by tin- 

 Bureau of the Census in Cooperation with the Forest 

 Service Department of Agriculture. 



SHINGLES. 



Table 23 which shows the cut of shingles is ap- 

 proximate only, for it may include some not be- 

 longing to Louisiana. 



Table 23. 



Cut of Shingles in Louisiana. 

 (Approximate only.) 



Equivalent 

 Wood Number in Value. 



Board Feet. 

 Cypress 1,386,722,000 194,141,000 $2,815,000 



LATH. 



A complete list of woods used in making lath 

 cannot be given, because this commodity is often a 

 by-product in saw mills and is cut from slabs, 

 crooked logs, and odds and ends of all species which 

 come to the mill. The usual woods for this pur- 

 pose in Louisiana are pine, cypress, and tupelo. 

 Figures are presented in Table 24. 



Table 24. 



Output of Lath in Louisiana. 

 Equivalent in 



Woods. Number. board feet 



Various 377,708,000 105,756,000 



SLACK COOPERAGE. 



Value. 



$868,728 



Cooperage is divided into two general classes, that 

 meant to contain fluids, and that intended for dry 

 commodities. Each class is divided into numerous 

 grades or kinds. Tight cooperage may hold molasses 

 when it will not do for alcoholic liquors, because the 

 pores of some woods are so open that alcohol will 

 pass through. In the same way, a slack barrel may 

 do well enough for apples or potatoes while granu- 

 lated sugar will sift through the cracks and be lost. 

 The maker of a barrel, whether slack of tight, must 

 know the commodity which will be carried in it; 

 and the buyer of the barrel must be careful, also, and 

 not accept what will not answer his purpose. The 

 best woods and the most efficient workmanship are 

 required in the making of whisky barrels, and white 

 oak under which name a number of species are in- 

 cluded is the best. Wine, vinegar, and oil barrels 

 are less exacting, but comparatively few woods an- 

 swer well even for these. The makers of slack bar- 



rels have more woods to choose from, and so various 

 are the commodities to be carried, that a barrel 

 which will not do for one sugar, flour, or cement 

 may 'be satisfaceory for others, such as potatoes, 

 poultry and cabbage. 



Three articles make up a barrel, the staves, the 

 heading, and the hoops. Table 25 shows the number 

 of staves, their equivalent in board measure, and the 

 species of wood of which they are made. 



Table 25. 



Output of Slack Cooperage in Louisiana Staves. 



Equivalent in 



Woods. 



Red gum 12,659,000 



Cotton wood 7,460,000 



Black willow 3,073,000 



Elm 400,000 



Oak 300,000 



Pine 258,000 



Ash 150,000 



Number. board feet. 



2,531,000 



1,492,000 



614,000 



80,000 



60,000 



52,000 



30,000 



Totals 24,300,000 4,859,000 



A comparison of Tables 25 and 26 shows that more 

 wood is reported in Louisiana for heading than for 

 staves. This does not necessarily mean that it takes 

 more wood to make a barrel's heading than to make 

 its staves. The two commodities are separately 

 made, and it happened in Louisiana that more lum- 

 ber went into heads than into staves. The reverse 

 might be the case in other states. 



Table 26. 



Output of Slack Cooperage in Louisiana.Heading. 



Number Equivalent in 



Woods. (Sets) board feet. 



Cottonwood 1,251,000 3,252,000 



Tupelo 537,000 1,396,000 



Red gum 1,54,000 400,000 



Black willow 104,000 270',000 



Ash 94,000 244,000 



Pine 20,000 52,000 



Oak 1,000 2,600 



Elm 1,000 2,600 



Totals 2,162,000 5,619,200 



Hoops are listed with slack cooperage. Tight bar- 

 rels also need hoops, but they are usually of metal, 

 while many of those for slack barrels are of wood. 

 Wire hoops, however, are used in large numbers. 

 The hoop pole business has been Important in this 

 country since cooperage began, but it has undergone 

 change to meet changed conditions. It was once 

 supposed that hickory was about the only wood suit- 

 able for barrel hoops, and young hickories, from one 

 to two inches in diameter, were cut from New Eng- 

 land to Florida in unnumbered millions for the hoop 

 pole market. The old style tobacco hogshead the 

 kind that was rolled to market and gave the English 

 language the word "rolling house," which word went 

 out of use when the hogshead ceased to roll was 

 an extravagant user and waster of hoops in its day. 

 Two or three full sets of hoops were often required 

 for a hogshead, for it was customary to cut the 

 hoops whenever a prospective buyer wanted to look 

 at the tobacco. Other barrels used immense num- 

 bers, and the drain upon the forest's straightest, 

 smoothest, most promising young trees was beyond 

 calculation. Finally coopers began to learn that 

 hoops could be made from large trees as well as 

 from sprouts. A tree which would make only one 

 hoop when four years old might make a thousand 

 when it reached the age of fifty. A marked change 

 likewise came about in the kinds of wood found 

 available. An inspection of Table 27 will not show 

 one foot of hickory or oak which were once almost 

 the only species cut for hoop poles. 



A cooper of a century ago would have thought 

 pine and red gum as utterly unfit for hoops, yet 

 Louisiana makes nearly all its hoops of these two 

 woods. 



Table 27. 



Output of Hoops in Louisiana. 



Equivalent in 

 Woods. Number. feet, B. M 



Pin *8,000,000 2,160,000 



R ed gum *6,755,000 1,823 000 



Elm ' 50,000 13,000 



Totals 14,805,000 3,996,000 



The data in Table 27 was taken from the records of 

 the Bureau of the Census. (Census bulletin, Forest Pro- 

 ii'mibl'e ' 10 ' 19 9J ' The flgl "' es ' however, seem ques- 



H. M. 

 II. S. S. 

 Tight Cooperage. 



More wood is required for a stave or a set of 

 heading in tight cooperage than in slack. The staves 

 and heads are thicker. There are, of course, differ- 

 ent sizes and classes of barrels in both slack and 

 tight cooperage, and any comparison of one with the 

 other must 'be in a general way only. A stave for a 



huge crockery hogshead, which is slack cooperage, 

 is larger than a whisky barrel stave; but comparing 

 class with class, tight cooperage staves are larger 

 than slack. 



Table 28. 



Output of Tight Cooperage in Louisiana. 



Equivalent in 

 Class. Number. feet, B. M. 



Staves 17,288,000 pcs 15,559.000 



Heading 864,739 sets 4,496,000 



Total 20,055,000 



There are other kinds of cooperage not usually 

 listed as tight or slack. Tubs, buckets, firkins, keel- 

 ers, piggins, noggins, churns, ice cream freezers, and 

 the like, are examples. These articles are not ex- 

 tensively manufcatured in Louisiana, and what ma- 

 terial was found on the subject is included in Table 

 17 of this report. Such articles are generally called 

 woodenware. 



VENEER. 



Table 29 shows the cut of veneer in Louisiana, re- 

 duced to feet, log scale. It was practically all rotary 

 cut. A log is held in a machine and made to revolve 

 against a strong knife which pares off the wood 

 round and round, like peeling an apple. The shaving 

 thus cut off is a wide as the log is long, often three 

 or four feet, and is usually about as thick as a sheet 

 of pasteboard. The thicknesses range from 5-16 

 down to 1-50 of an inch. There are three kinds of 

 veneer, classified according to the method of manu- 

 facture: the rotary cut, the sliced, and the sawed. 

 The sliced veneer is cut on the principle of a car- 

 penter's plane cutting a shaving. The cutting ma- 

 chine is very strong and rigid. Sawed veneer is pro- 

 duced like any other lumber, but the saws are very 

 thin, in order that unnecessary waste may be avoid- 

 ed. Ususally, but not always, the rotary veneer is 

 the cheapest, and is cut from cheap woods, while the 

 sawed and the sliced represent expensive material. 

 The woods cut into veneer in Louisiana were of the 

 cheaper sort compared with mahogany, Circassian 

 walnut, and white oak. The most of the product 

 probably went into boxes and crates. The quantity 

 seems small, and it is difficult to reconcile it with 

 the 56 million feet of wood made into boxes and 

 crates in the state (See Table 4). It is not possible 

 to say what proportion of the boxes and crates were 

 made of veneer, for statistics of lumber and veneer 

 in that industry are not kept separately, but much 

 veneer is used for boxes apparently much more 

 than the whole reported output of veneer in the 

 state. 



Table 29. 



Output of Veneer in Louisiana. 

 Species. Feet, log scale. 



Cottonwood 2,559,000 



Yellow pine '. 202,000 



Red gum 178,000 



Tupelo 137,0000 



Evergreen magnolia 88,000 



Total 3,164,000 



TURPENTINE AND ROSIN. 



The seven states, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Lou- 

 isiana, Mississippi, North Carolina and South Caro- 

 lina, produce practically all of the rosin and turpen- 

 tine in the United States. The output of turpentine 

 in five of those states is declining, and in two, Flor- 

 ida and Louisiana, it is on the increase. In five of 

 them the yield of rosin is increasing, and in two. 

 South Carolina and Mississippi, it is decreasing. 

 The increase in Louisiana from 1904 to 1909 was 

 nearly 600 per cent for turpentine and about 800 

 for rosin. Similar increases are shown for no other 

 state. In the whole country in 1909 the output of 

 turpentine was 28,989,000 gallons, and of rosin 913, 

 920,000 pounds. Table 30 shows the output and the 

 value in Louisiana. 



Table 30. 



Output of Turpentine and Rosin in Louisiana. 



Class. Quantity. Value. 



Spirits of turpentine . . . 1,452,000 gallons $689,000 

 Rosin 46,760,000 pounds 690,000 



OTHER PRODUCTS. 



The Bureau of the Census gives statistics of out- 

 put for railroad ties, telegraph and telephone poles, 

 and wood distillation, but not by states, and it is 

 impossible to allot Louisiana's portion of the whole. 

 The sawed railroad ties are included in the lumber 

 cut; but most ties are hewed. Such data on wood 

 distillation as were secured during the field work in 

 the state are included in Table 17. 



SUMMARY. 



The saw mills of Louisiana cut more lumber per 

 mill than those of any other state, the average being 



