38 



THE LUMBER TRADE JOURNAL 



[New Orleans, La.. June 15, 1912. 



rival for that purpose, being tougher than any other 

 known wood, and stronger than most others. Gam- 

 bel oak was reported only for this industry in the 

 State. Its use was doubtless due more to conve- 

 nience than to any special property fitting it for 

 vehicle making. It is justly considered one of the 

 most unpromising of the oaks from the standpoint 

 of usefulness. 



Vehicle making in Texas does not differ much 

 from the industry in many other States where a 

 large part of the work is done in small 'blacksmith 

 shops. Repairing is of comparatively more impor- 

 tance in this industry than in almost any other. 

 Most shops repair ten wagons where they make one. 



Most of the farm and road wagons in northern 

 and western Texas have felloes of osage orange, lo- 

 cally called bodark. Comparatively few of these 

 wagons are made in the State, but are shipped from 



cities north and east. The resistance of osage or- 

 ange to shrinking, swelling and checking, under 

 climatic changes and influences, is its chief recom- 

 mendation. Tires on osage orange rims seldom 

 work loose or require resetting, but may wear out 

 before repairs are needed. The climate is hot and 

 dry, and most woods shrink and check excessively 

 in summer. Texas supplies much of the osage or- 

 ange, and, in connection with Oklahoma, furnishes 

 wagon factories with all they get, for it is not pro- 

 duced commercially elsewhere. It is usually con- 

 'sidered the highest priced wood native to ithe 

 United States. In making wagon rims the waste 

 runs very high, but by turning out Insulator pins 

 as a by-product of the rim mill, most of the sound 

 wood is saved. Much is not sound, but is so pitted 

 and defective that it can not be used, and the final 

 waste that results is often large. 



KINDS OF WOOD - 



Longleaf pine 



Red gum 



White oak ... 

 Cottonwood . . 

 Texan oak . . . 



Cypress 



White ash . . . 

 Shortleaf pine 

 Hickory 



Totals. 



KINDS OF WOOD 



White oak 



ouortleaf pine 



Longleaf pine 



Birch 



Loblolly pine 



White ash 



Mahogany 



Red gum 



Texan oak 



Yellow poplar 



Red oak 



Chestnut 



Cottonwood 



Basswood 



Western yellow pine. 



Cypress 



Evergreen magnolia 



Totals. 



KINDS OF WOOD 



Cypress 



Shortleaf pine 

 Longleaf pine . 



Totals. 



KINDS OF WOOD 



White oak 



White ash 



Longleaf pine 



Osage orange 



Hickory 



Texan oak 



Overcup oak 



Red gum 



Gambel oak 



Yellow poplar 



Snortleaf pine 



Evergreen magnolia 



Totals. 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 

 TABLE VII. 



721,694 



100.00 



$43.99 



$31,748 



Grown in 

 Texas, 

 feet, 

 B. M. 

 2,050,000 

 200,000 

 124,000 

 115,000 

 100,000 



40,000 



25,000 



1,000 



2,655,000 



Grown in 



Texas, 



feet, 



B. M. 



21,000 

 262,000 

 200,000 



150,000 

 111,000 



20,000 

 60,500 



12,000 

 3,000 



839,500 



Grown in 



Texas, 



feet, 



B. M. 



15,000 

 15,000 



30,000 



Grown in 

 Texas, 

 feet, 

 B. M. 

 181,500 

 134,000 

 117,000 

 65,026 

 38,500 

 39,000 

 31,000 

 20,000 

 15,000 



6,500 

 5,000 



652,526 



Grown out 

 of Texas 

 feet, 

 B.M. 



100,000 



100,000 



Grown out 

 of Texas 



feet, 

 B.M. 

 278,000 



195,000 



32,000 

 88,500 

 52,000 



45,000 

 45.000 

 40,000 

 35,000 

 20,000 

 15,000 



845,500 



Grown out 

 of Texas 

 feet, 

 B.M. 

 833,000 



833,000 



Grown out 

 of Texas 

 feet, 

 B.M. 

 20,168 

 8,000 

 10,000 



15,000 



5,000 

 11,000 



69,168 



Handles. 



Handle makng is another industry in which Texas 

 is not making full use of its extensive resources. 

 The total amount passing through the factories 

 yearly is 'little more than a half a million feet. 

 Nearly three-fourths of this is white ash and white 



oak, for handles of such tools as hoes, rakes, spades, 

 shovels and pitchforks, and the balance, which is 

 hickory, is converted into ax and hammer handles, 

 with a few other sorts. Nearly 7.0 per cent of all 

 the hickory reported by Texas industries goes into 

 handles. Ash is regarded as the 'best handle wood 

 for the class of agricultural tools named above. It 



is stiff and Ffro'ig, and is not heavy enough to be 

 objectionable. 



Trunks and Valises. 



Four woods contribute to the needs of trunk and 

 valise makers in Texas. The highest in price is 

 white elm 'bought in the form of veneer and shipped 

 from northern States. Much of the wood is bought 

 in the form of veneer. Some of it is in single 

 sheets as it conies from the machine; and other is 

 built-up, three or more ply, ready for use. Generally 

 the wood demanded by trunk and suit case makers 

 reaches the factory in the form of slats or veneer. 

 The slats are for the outside to strengthen the 

 trunk. The metal knobs and reinforcements are 

 usually attached to the slats. The box, forming the 

 body of the trunk, is of veneer, three ply or more in 

 thickness. The inner sheet is laid with the grain 

 crossing that of the sheets on either side. This pre- 

 vents splitting and lessens warping. Such a sheet 

 may break under sufficient pressure, but will not 

 split. A sheet of veneer built up in that way is 

 much stronger than a solid piece of equal thickness. 

 Formerly trunks were simply boxes made by nail- 

 ing boards together and covering them with cloth, 

 leather or metal, but only cheap trunks are now 

 made that way. 



The trays and other compartments for a trunk 

 are not subject to strain like the outer box is, and 

 they may >be of thin boards, covered with cloth or 

 paper, 'but even there a preference is shown for 

 built-up veneers. When cheap trunks are made in 

 the old way by nailing boards together, red gum is 

 frequently selected. The white elm reported is prac- 

 tically all worked into slats and veneer. Its tough- 

 ness fits it for that use. 



Some of the trunk makers have little wood-work- 

 ing machinery, but buy .the veneer, slats and other 

 wooden parts cut to proper size and ready to as- 

 semble. 



Patterns. 



The making of patterns, models and flasks is a 

 comparatively small industry in Texas. Foundry 

 flasks are rough boxes in which the sand is placed 

 preparatory to receiving the molten metal in making 

 the casting. Nearly any wood will answer this pur- 

 pose. The foundry pattern, however, is a more care- 

 fully made article, and most of the white pine listed 

 in Table XIII went to the shop where such pat- 

 terns are cut out. The pattern is shaped exactly 

 like the article to be cast. A soft, even-grained wood 

 is demanded and it is necessary that it hold its 

 shape, because warping and twisting after the pat- 

 tern has been cut out, would destroy its usefulness. 

 Experience has shown that white pine has no supe- 

 rior for patterns. The wood's high price sometimes 

 lessens its use and another wood is substituted. A 

 model is usually an exact representation of a part 

 of a machine or some other article, such as a wheel, 

 valve, boat, column or something that is to be made 

 in specified shaps. The models are sometimes called 

 machine-shop patterns to distinguish them from 

 foundry patterns. Hat blocks are occasionally 

 psoken of as patterns, and there are several kinds, 

 each having its special use. Hat flanges are used in 

 shaping the brims of felt hats; curling 'boards for 

 brims of silk hats, stretchers for. widening hats, 

 and hat sets to lengthen or widen. The high price 

 of sugar maple demanded by this industry is due to 

 the small amount used and the grade required. 



Miscellaneous. 



The aggregate quality of wood demanded in Texas 

 by miscellaneous industries is large. Among the 

 articles listed in this table are insulator pins, tent 

 poles, surveyors' stakes, tent stakes, beehives, ex- 

 celsior, chicken coops, paving blocks, cigar boxes, 

 grist mills, butcher supplies, refrigerators, coffins 

 and caskets, and others. Some of these are not 

 treated as separate industries because the amount 

 of wood used is too small; in others the amount is 

 large enough, but only one or two manufacturers are 

 represented, and, under the ruling that data con- 

 cerning individual operations must not be divulged, 

 the figures could not appear in a separate industry 

 table. 



Insulator pins are used on telephone and tele- 

 graph lines. They must be of strong material to 

 prevent breaking under the strain to which they 

 are subjected in time of high winds, and they must 

 be made of wood that resists decay, for they are pe- 

 culiarly liable to attack by fungus where they are 

 inserted in the cross arms. In Texas the best wood 

 for insulator pins is usually considered to be osage 

 orange, but the supply is not adequate and several 

 other woods are used, though osage orange is the 

 only one reported. 



Tent poles are made of longleaf pine because of 

 its strength and stiffness. Tent stakes and the 

 slides for tightening the ropes are of white ash, al- 

 though other woods are as serviceable for this pur- 

 pose. 



