New Orleans, La., June 15, 1912.] 



THE LUMBER TRADE JOURNAL 



39 



HANDLES. 

 TABLE XI. 



KINDS OF WOOD 



White ash 

 Hickory . . 

 White oak 



Quantity used 



annually. 



feet. Per 



B. M. cent. 



377,000 68.92 



130,000 23.77 



40,000 7.31 



Average Total 



Totals. 



547,000 



100.00 



cost 

 per 



1,000 ft. 



$22.00 



74.62 



20.00 



$34.36 



cost 

 f. o. b. 

 factory. 

 $8,294 

 9,700 

 800 



$18,794 



Grown in 



Texas, 



fe*t, 



B. M. 



25,000 



125,000 



40,000 



TRUNKS AND VALISES. 

 TABLE XII. 



Quantity used 



KINDS OF WOOD 



Red gum . . 

 Cottonwood 

 White elm . 

 Cypress 



Totals. 



feet, 



B. M. 



230,000 



165,000 

 50,000 

 50,000 



495,000 



annually. 



Average Total 



Per 

 cent. 

 46.47 

 33.33 

 10.10 

 10.10 



100.00 



cost 

 per 



1,000 ft. 



$20.00 



19.70 



50.00 



15.00 



$22.42 



PATTERNS. 

 TABLE XIII. 



KINDS OF WOOD 



Shortleaf pine 



White pine 



Cypress 



Western white pine. 



Sugar pine 



Sugar maple 



Quantity used 

 annually. 



Totals . 



feet, 



B. M. 



226,400 



35,000 



6,000 



3,500 



2,000 



2,000 



274,900 



Per 

 cent. 

 82.36 

 12.73 

 2.18 

 1.27 

 .73 

 .73 



100.00 



Average 

 cost 

 per 



1,000 ft. 

 $15.00 



80.34 



40.00 



50.00 



62.50 

 100.00 



$25.27 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

 TABLE XIV. 



KINDS OF WOOD 



Quantity used 

 annually. 



Longleaf pine 



Cypress 



Shortleaf pine 



Red gum 



White elm 

 Bass wood 

 Spanish cedar , 

 Yellow poplar , 

 \vnite oak 



Teak 



Texan oak 

 Osage orange . . 

 Black walnut . 



White ash 



Red cedar . . 



31 

 9 

 3 

 3 



Totals. 



feet, 

 B. M. 



,243,000 



,013,000 



,850,000 



,040,000 



50,000 



40,000 



40,000 



35,000 



11,000 



8,000 



6,000 



5,000 



3,000 



2,800 



2,000 



47,348,800 



Per 



cent. 



65.98 



19.04 



8.13 



6.42 



.11 



.08 



.08 



.07 



.02 



.02 



.01 



.01 



100.00 



Average 

 cost 

 per 



1,000 ft. 

 $10.86 



17.03 



13.14 



15.50 



10.00 



23.00 



31.15 



23.00 



30.00 

 220.00 



30.00 

 125.00 



40.00 



27.14 



30.00 



$12.61 



cost 

 f. o. b. 

 factory. 

 $4,600 

 3,250 

 2,500 

 750 



$11,100 



Total 

 cost 

 f. o. b. 

 factory. 

 $3,396 

 2,812 

 240 

 175 

 125 

 200 



$6,948 



Total 

 cost 

 f. o.b. 

 factory. 

 $339,274 

 153,485 

 50,580 

 47,135 

 500 

 920 

 1,245 

 805 

 330 

 1,760 

 180 

 625 

 120 

 76 

 60 



$597,095 



190,000 



Grown in 



Texas, 



feet, 



B. M. 



130,000 



130,000 



Grown in 



Texas, 



feet, 



B. M. 



226,400 



226,400 



Grown in 

 Texas, 

 feet, 

 B. M. 

 12,766,000 

 6,012,000 

 3,850,000 

 3,000,000 

 50,000 



11,000 



V.OOO 

 5,000 



2,000 

 2,000 



*Less than 1/100 of 1 per cent. 



Grown out 

 of Texas 

 feet, 

 B. M. 

 352,000 

 5,000 



357,000 



Grown out 

 of Texas 

 feet, 

 B. M. 

 100,000 

 165,000 

 50,000 

 50,000 



365,000 



Grown out 

 of Texas 

 feet, 

 B. M. 



35,000 

 6,000 

 3,500 

 2,000 

 2,000 



48,500 



Grown out 



of Texas 



feet, 



B. M. 



18,477,000 



3,001,000 



40,000 



40,000 

 40,000 

 35,000 



' s',000 



3,000 

 800 



25,704,000 21,644,800 



Beehives are manufactured from clear longleaf 

 pine, but the frames or boxes in which the honey is 

 stored by the bees are of cottonwood, basswood, yel- 

 low poplar, or some other wood without offensive 

 odor and with pleasing color. Honey frames are one 

 of the few commodities turned out by the wood- 

 worker that are sold to the ultimate consumer by 

 weight, and they are sold at the same price as the 

 honey they contain. 



The manufacture of excelsior is not important in 

 Texas. A soft cheap wood is needed and it must 

 possess a considerable element of toughness and 

 elasticity. The principal use of excelsior is for 

 packing purposes and not for upholstering, as many 

 persons suppose. Shippers of dishes, small articles 

 of hardware, and 'of other breakable commodities, 

 are the largest users. All of the excelsior reported 

 in Texas was made of shortleaf pine. 



The makers of chicken coops in the State use a 

 liberal amount of wood. Some of it Is pine and 

 some white elm. The latter wood is tough and is 

 made into the long dowels or rods forming the sides, 

 ends and tops of coops. The elm was bought for $10 

 a thousand, which indicates that it was purchased 

 in the log form. 



Paving blocks are made of tooth longleaf and short- 

 leaf pine in Texas, and large numbers are manufac- 

 tured. Wooden paving blocks have been used and 

 experimented with in this and foreign countries for 

 many years; many kinds of wood have been tried, 

 and many failures and many successes have been 

 recorded. The successes have been more than the 

 failures, and the use of the blocks is rapidly extend- 

 ing. Most of the failures and unsatisfactory experi- 

 ments may be checked against the use of untreated 

 wood. Since treated blocks have become the rule, 



that form of pavement has grown rapidly in popu- 

 larity. The blocks are about twice the size of an 

 ordinary brick, and so cut that the wear falls on the 

 end of the fibers; that is, on a cross section of the 

 tree. 



Some very hard woods, as osage orange and mes- 

 quite, have been used as paving blocks in Texas; 

 but they are objectionable on account of excessive 

 cost, the difficulty of procuring them of proper form 

 and size, and their tendency to wear smooth and be- 

 come slippery in rainy weather. As far as their 

 resistance to decay is concerned, they are all that 

 could be desired. A little osage orange block pave- 

 ment may still be seen in San Antonio which has 

 well nigh outlasted the memory of those who laid it. 



In selecting pine for paving blocks, the annual 

 rings of growth are carefully inspected. They must 

 not be too broad; that is, the trees from which they 

 are cut must not be of too rapid growth. The ring, 

 as is well known to most persons, is made up of two 

 kinds of wood the dark-colored, porous spring 

 growth, and the dense wood laid on in the summer. 

 The latter is harder than the spring wood, and wears 

 down more slowly under the traffic to which paving 

 is subjected. If the rings are wide, the wear gives 

 the top of the 'blocks a corrugated surface, like a 

 washboard, and makes it objectionable for sanitary 

 reasons. Blocks of longleaf and of selected shortleaf 

 are of such regularly-spaced narrow rings that they 

 wear smooth and always present good surfaces. 



Four woods in Texas constitute the cigar box ma- 

 terial red gum, yellow poplar, basswood and Span- 

 ish cedar. The four are employed in nearly equal 

 amounts. Red gum is cheapest, yellow poplar next, 

 basswood third, and Spanish cedar the most expen- 

 sive. Much of the cedar is made into very thin- 



sliced veneer and is used as overlay or covering for 

 the other woods. In quantity this cedar surpasses 

 any other cigar-box wood in the United States. It 

 is much employed as veneer, yet large quantities are 

 worked into thin lumber and converted into boxes 

 of solid wood. 



Butcher supplies make up part of the material in 

 the miscellaneous table, and two woods white and 

 Texan oak are the only species listed. 



Refrigerators are made in so small a way that 

 they call for only brief mention. White ash and cy- 

 press are the only woods reported for this business. 

 The market for refrigerators in Texas is excellent, 

 and plenty of wood may be had for making them. 

 It would seem that there is room to build up an in- 

 dustry in that line. 



A large quantity of wood is made into caskets and 

 coffins in Texas yearly, but the statistics were not 

 obtained in form to appear as a separate industry, 

 and are included in the miscellaneous table. Red 

 gum and cypress are the only woods repprted, three- 

 fourths of all 'oeing cypress. A large number of the 

 caskets used in Ihe State are made in northern fac- 

 tories, and many more are the work of cabinet 

 makers who turn out a few each in the course of a 

 year, but do not make detailed reports of their out- 

 put The boxes in which caskets are always shipped 

 are counted as part of the Industry. 



SUMMARY BY INDUSTRIES OF WOODS USED 

 IN TEXAS. 



Table XV is a summary of all the wood-using in- 

 dustries in Texas. It is a counterpart of Table I, 

 which is a summary by species. Both tables present 

 the same totals 'but interpret them in different ways. 

 The first shows how much of each wood is used, the 

 cost, etc.; the last shows how much wood of all 

 kinds Is demanded by each one of the fourteen in- 

 dustries of Texas. Forty-eight woods are listed iu 

 Table I and thirteen industries in Table XV. In 

 this enumeration "Miscellaneous" Is classed as an 

 industry, though it is only a grouping of many 

 items. It Is numbered XIV. The highest average 

 price for the wood used was by the makers of fix- 

 tures, and the lowest by planing mill products. The 

 makers of tanks bought the smallest percentage of 

 material in the State, and the manufacturers of 

 planing-mill products the largest; but no industry 

 procured all of its wood In the State, and none 

 bought all outside. The average cost of the wood 

 reported 'by all the industries was $13.30 per 1,000 

 feet. That can be compared with similar data 'for 

 other States where the average costs for all wood 

 used were as follows: 



Average 



State. Cost. 



Arkansas $11.49 



Louisiana 11.64 



Mississippi 12.22 



Alabama 12.24 



Maryland 20.6? 



Massachusetts 21.23 



Kentucky 23.07 



Missouri 24.12 



Illinois 28.63 



PERCENTAGE OF DIFFERENT WOODS USED BY 

 EACH INDUSTRY. 



Fourteen of the forty-eight woods reported by the 

 hackberry, Gambel oak, mesquite, mountain juniper, 

 one-seed juniper, red cedar, Spanish cedar, teak, tu- 

 pelo, western white pine and willow oak. No spe- 

 cies is used by all the industries, but four woods 

 white oak, red gum, cypress and white ash appear 

 in ten of the thirteen, and Texan oak and longleaf 

 pine in nine. No industry uses more than one-half 

 of the reported woods. Car makers list 24, furni- 

 ture 23, and sash, doors and blinds 21, of the 48 

 species; while patterns take 6 and handles and 

 tanks 3 each. 



AVERAGE COST OF WOODS IN EACH INDUS- 

 TRY. 



The difference in the prices paid for a wood by 

 different industries that use it is well illustrated in 

 Table XVII. Practically no one of them have the 

 same average price. White oak is a wood well 

 known and as universally used as any in this coun- 

 try. Some manufacturers in Texas pay three or 

 four times as much for it as others. Longleaf pine 

 does not show such marked difference, but some 

 users pay double what others buy it for. Red gum 

 ranges from $12 to $40; Texan oak, from $10 to 

 $33.19, and white elm from $10 to $50. No general ex- 

 planation would account for all of these variations, 

 but difference in grade of the materials used is re- 

 sponsible for much of it. Freight rates have some 

 effect on cost, and the form of the material pur- 

 chased c has a great deal. Some buy it in log form 

 for half or less of what rough lumber would cost; 

 a few purchase it by the cord, and others procure it 



