Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 2599 



ante as to secure 1 of these fishes, that no attempt should be made to keep 

 it entire, but that it should be eut into short lengths aud preserved in the 

 strongest spirits, each piece wrapped separately iii muslin. (Goode & 

 Beau.) 



ion. TRACHYPTERUS, Gouan. 

 (KING OF THE HERRINGS.) 



Trachypterus, GOUAN, Hist. Poiss., 104, 153, 1770 (trachypterus) . 



Bogmaiws, BLOCII &, SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 518, 1801 (islandicus arcticus). 



Body elongate, compressed, ribbon-shaped, the dorsal fin extending the 

 entire length of the back. Anal absent; each ventral well developed, if 

 present, but sometimes absent. Caudal present and placed for the most 

 part above the longitudinal axis of the body. No air bladder. Pyloric 

 appendages numerous. Ventrals appearing to be absent in some individ- 

 uals, but Day calls attention to the fact that most of the specimens of 

 T. arcticus taken along the coast of Great Britain had no ventrals. In 

 the very young, as has been shown by Emery, the fin rays commence to 

 grow when it is about 6 mm. long, and continue to lengthen until it is 

 about 24 mm. long, after which a partial shortening takes place. Ventrals 

 very elongate in the young, and the caudal rays much longer than in the 

 grown fish. Young individuals (from 2 to 4 inches) are not rarely met 

 with near the surface ; they possess the most extraordinary development 

 of fin rays observed in the whole class of fishes, some of them being several 

 times larger than the body, and provided with lappet-like dilatations. 

 There is no doubt that fishes with such delicate appendages are bred and 

 live in depths where the water is absolutely quiet, as a sojourn in the 

 disturbed water of the surface would deprive them at once of organs 

 which must be of some utility for their preservation. (Goode & Bean.) 

 , rough; Ttrepor, fin.) 



a. Color bright metallic silvery, a jet-black blotch at base of dorsal; 3 dark spots on 

 side, 2 smaller ones on belly ; anterior profile, snout, and tip of mandible, jet black ; 

 caudal and ventral fins carmine red in life. REX-SALMONOEUM, 2972. 



aa. Color shining leaden gray; no black. TKACHYURUS, 2973. 



2972. TRACHYPTERUS REX-SALMONORUM, Jordan & Gilbert. 

 OF THE SALMON.) 



Head 8^; cross depth at nape 8. D.V-170; C.8; V.6; P. 11. Body 

 long and slender, closely compressed and ribbon-shaped, as usual in the 

 genus. Head short, deeper than long, the anterior profile steep and 

 nearly straight to the base of the nuchal crest; dorsal fin beginning on 

 the top of nuchal crest, which is directly over the second third of the 

 diameter of eye ; height of crest slightly more than diameter of eye, the 

 latter greater than length of snout, and 3 in head. Mouth oblique ; maxil- 

 lary rugose and very broad, its width i its length; length of lower jaw 

 greater than length of snout, 2 in head, its angle under the front of the 

 orbit. Opercular bones rugose, entirely covering the gills. Premaxillary 

 covered with minute and feeble teeth, in addition to which in this speci- 

 men are 3 canines, 2 on one side and 1 on the other, directed very obliquely 



