2880 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum. 



Y. Anal spines 2 CLIX, POMACENTRID.E, 1543. 



YY. Anal spines 3 to 11. Fresh-water fishes. CLVIII, CICHLID.E, 1512. 

 XX. Nostril double on each side. 



Z. Lateral line extending to tip of middle rays of caudal. 

 a. Anal spines 3, the second strong. 

 &. Dorsal fins 2, separate ; body elongate. 



CXLV, CENTROPOMID^E, 1116. 



&&. Dorsal fin continuous CL, H^EMULHXE, 1289 . 



aa. Anal spines 1 or 2, the second large or small. 



CLV, SCI.ENID.E, 1392. 

 ZZ. Lateral line not extending beyond base of caudal fin. 



c. Gills 3|, the slit behind the last very small or wanting. 



d. Mouth not vertical, the lips not fringed; dorsal fin continu- 



ous, the spines 8 to 18 ; scales cycloid ; lower pharyngeals 

 united. 



e. Teeth in each side of each jaw united, forming a sort of beak. 



CLXI, SCARID.E, 1620. 

 ee. Teeth distinct or nearly so, the anterior usually more or less 



canine CLX, LABRID.E, 1571. 



dd. Mouth nearly vertical, the lips with fleshy fringes; dorsal 

 divided, the spinous part short, of about 4 spines ; lower 



pharyugeals separate CXCVII, URANOSCOPID.E, 2305. 



cc. Gills 4, a long slit behind the fourth. 



/. Teeth setiforin, like the teeth of a brush ; body elevated, lon- 

 ger than deep, the soft fins completely scaled ; gill mem- 

 branes attached to the isthmus. 



g. Dorsal fin continuous CLXV, CHyETODONTiD^E, 1669. 



gg. Dorsal fin divided CLXIV, EPHIPPID.E, 1666. 



Teeth not setiform. 



Body deeper than long, covered with rough scales; dorsal 

 spines 8 ; anal spines 3 ; soft fins very long. 



CLXIII, CAPROUXE, 1663. 

 Tih. Body longer than deep, 

 i. Gill membranes broadly joined to isthmus; body long and low; 



no lateral line CLXXXVII, GOBIID^, 2188. 



n. Gill membranes free -from isthmus or very nearly so. 



j. Premaxillaries excessively protractile, their basal process very 



long, in a groove at top of cranium, 

 fc. Teeth small ; scales large, silvery ; spines strong. 



CLIII, GERRIDzE, 1366. 



kJc. Teeth none; spines slender CLII, MJSNID^E, 1364. 



jj. Premaxillaries moderately protractile or not protractile. 

 I. Lower pharyngeals united; scales large; anal fin with 3 spines 

 and more than 15 soft rays ; preopercle entire. (Vivip- 

 arous fishes of the Californian fauna.) 



CLVII, EMBIOTOCID.E, 1493. 

 II. Lower pharyngeals separate. 



m. Body elongate, not compressed, covered with hard grooved 

 scales; jaws box-like .. CXXXVIII, TETRAGONURID.E, 975. 

 mm. Body not as above. 



w. Lateral line incomplete or interrupted, running close to dorsal 

 fin; dorsal spines very slender, continuous with the soft 

 rays ; body low, covered with small scales j anal fin very 

 long. 

 o. Anal rays fewer than 30; maxillary produced behind. 



CXCI, OPISTHOGNATHIDJE, 2279. 

 oo. Anal rays more than 30; maxillary not produced behind. 



CXCII, BATHYMASTERID.E, 2287. 

 nn. Lateral line, if present, not as above. 



p. Scales circular, cycloid, nonimbricate, each with 1 or 2 erect 

 spines ; dorsal spines obsolete. 



CXII, STEPHANOBERYCID.*;, 835. 



