BULLETIN 231] WALNUT CULTURE IN CALIFORNIA. 149 



which is supposed to belong to Juglans rupestris. It is much like the 

 northern California black walnut in general appearance, but the nuts 

 are somewhat smaller and more deeply grooved and the aspect of the 

 foliage slightly different. Seedlings from this tree, and likewise those 

 grown from Arizona nuts, are in general appearance very much like 

 the northern California type, being of a rapid growth, erect, with dark- 

 colored bark and no large side branches. The tree is decidedly dif- 

 ferent in the nursery from the supposedly true Juglans rupestris of 

 Texas and New Mexico and it is therefore our conclusion that Juglans 

 major is a fairly distinct species as southwestern black walnuts go. 



NATIVE WALNUTS OF TEXAS. 



From Texas we have received many nuts of what we take to be the 

 true Juglans rupestris. These nuts, while varying greatly in size, are 

 smaller even than those of the southern California type, while some of 

 them are extremely tiny, averaging only about one half inch in diameter. 

 The nuts are characteristically marked by decidedly deep, branching 

 grooves, being easily distinguished in this respect from the California 

 species and from Juglans major of Arizona. As compared with nuts 

 of Juglans nigra these are much smaller in size, less abundantly grooved 

 and not ridged like those of the latter species. From such nuts develop 

 what appears to be true Juglans rupestris, a dwarf, shrub-like tree, of 

 comparatively slow growth even in good soil. These trees have a light- 

 grey bark, lighter in color than that of any other black walnuts. In 

 seedlings the bark toward the base of the tree is of this light-grey color, 

 prominently striped with still lighter markings, while toward the tops 

 the bark is of a characteristic, light, yellowish green. The seedlings 

 which we have raised have usually produced the first year only a single 

 stem with no side branches, which stem leans decidedly to one side 

 rather than standing up perpendicular to the ground. Our trees have 

 become rather bushy in later years but have continued with a single 

 main stem, slow growth and a leaning position. The foliage is composed 

 of leaves with rather narrow leaflets and a lighter or more bluish green 

 than those of other species. The type is decidedly different from any- 

 thing else which we have grown and its seedlings are entirely distinct 

 from those of the Arizona Juglans major, which are rapid-growing, 

 erect, w T ith dark-colored, almost black bark. 



In various lots of nuts received from Texas great variation has been 

 found in respect to size and degree of roughness. Some of the nuts 

 were of the diminutive size and characteristically deep-grooved type 

 described above, while others were larger and so much grooved as to 

 be indistinguishable from small nuts of Juglans nigra. So far as we 



