DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY PASSAGES AND ORGANS. Ill 



with the other; while typhus itself, through causes which remain 

 latent up to the present hour, is, like the gastro-enteritis of 1825, 

 dangerous, fatal, and epizootic. In general, typhus fever begins 

 without any warning, though there are times in which its ap- 

 proach is marked by dullness and weakness, and a manifestation 

 of being easily fatigued, sweating through little exertion, etc., 

 with loss of appetite. 



Of the first stage, the most remarkable symptoms are either a 

 yellow redness of the pituitary membrane, or a dryness or a dis- 

 charge of viscous matter, which adheres in thick incrustations 

 around the alse of the nostrils, with, occasionally, an appearance 

 of drops of blood. The nostrils are more or less dilated, the res- 

 piration more or less frequent, according to the sharpness of the 

 abdominal pains, or the existence of a lamentable complication of 

 thoracic with abdominal disease. The ear applied to the wind- 

 pipe or to the walls of the thorax, almost always detects a well- 

 marked mucous rale; also there is cough, with full, strong, and 

 frequent pulse. 



In the second stage, the mouth becomes dry, and sometimes dis- 

 plays aphthae or cracks of some depth. The tongue is red about 

 its point and along its sides, but its middle and base are of a deep 

 yellow tint. The breath is tainted. When abdominal symptoms 

 are present, which is not always the case, they are sufficiently 

 well marked. The dung is either very hard, or it is, more com- 

 monly, liquid ; sometimes it is bloody, and issues a fetid odor, the 

 debility frequently being such at this period as to cause constant 

 opening of the anus. The pituitary membrane is dry, and covered 

 with bloody points. The conjunctival membrane is reddened and 

 infiltrated, and, like the pituitary, presents petechial patches. 

 The pulse has not its force and fullness, etc. Some veterinarians 

 have remarked, at this period, upon the insides of the thighs those 

 little vesicles to which the name of sudamina has been given. 

 Urine scanty, possessing a remarkable fetor, and voided occasion- 

 ally with great pain; great dejection, and occasional stupor ; and, 

 ordinarily, at this period it is that the ataxic or adynamic symp- 

 toms set in. 



In the third stage, the parotids tumefy and ulcerate. Any setons 

 oi rowels that may have been introduced, or blisters, become so 

 many causes of mortification of the parts in which they have been 

 applied. And now the mouth becomes quite dried up; the tongue 



