116 DADD'S VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 



in pleurisy, and ultimately dropsy of the chest. I should judge 

 that cattle, when the subjects of pneumonia, suffer less tian horses, 

 from the fact that the former will lie down during the progress of 

 the disease, and the horse is scarcely, if ever, known to do so until 

 shortly before he dies. In the horse, this malady occasionally 

 takes a metastatic turn ; that is, the disease is translated to the feet 

 or brain, producing an affection of a very formidable and acute 

 character. Among cattle, however, such translation is very rare. 



Forms of Pneumonia. — Pneumonia is divided into several stages 

 and forms, but as such refer more to its degree or intensity, I shall 

 only inform the reader that pneumonia may exist either as a con- 

 dition of congestion or of inflammation. Congestion signifies a 

 distended or plethoric state of the blood-vessels of the substance 

 of the lungs, and slow motion of the blood ; and it sometim<<s 

 sets in as suddenly as that form which is termed inflammatory ; 

 among cattle the former form is more prevalent. In the conges- 

 tive stage the symptoms are those of embarrassment — the blocd 

 courses through its vessels sluggishly, and there is not that activity 

 of the heart and lungs which is noticed in inflammatory pneu- 

 monia. 



Symptoms of Inflammation of the Lungs. — There are many symj^- 

 toms attending lung diseast which are common to various otht-r 

 forms or affections. These must be inferred ; for, by detailing 

 them, I might only confound the non-medical reader, and rendu 

 the diagnosis difficult, and, perhaps, impossible. The symptom*, 

 in the early stages, are such as are usually observed at the com- 

 mencement of febrile diseases, viz. : coldness of the extremities, 

 and slight shivering fits; loss of appetite; labored respiration: 

 pulse variable, and the mouth hot and clammy ; the animal heaves 

 at the flanks, is rather unwilling to move, and the fore-legs are 

 widely separated, while the head is held in a drooping position. 

 As the disease progresses, these symptoms vary more or less, and 

 the appearance of the membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes 

 may vary from the color of bright scarlet to that of a leaden hue. 

 In congestive pneumonia, the pulse is more voluminous, yet less 

 active, than in health, or in acute disease. A cough, slight or 

 active, as the case may be, is usually noticed ; it is a sort of deep- 

 seated, half-suppressed one, and sometimes it is the first symptom 

 which calls the owner's attention to the ailing animal. 



Treatment. — It is important, at the commencement of the treat' 





