GLANDERS AND FARCY. 166 



HOW CAME THE DISEASE TO BE CALLED GLANDERS. 



Percivael is our authority for the following explanation 

 "The derivation of our word glanders is traceable through the 

 French language, from which we appear to have borrowed it, to 

 the Latin roots glandula and glans, the latter signifying any fruit 

 kernel, such as a chestnut or acorn; the former, its diminutive, 

 any small fruit kernel ; and both afterward used in medicine to 

 denote the glands of the body, many of which — such as were then 

 so called — are small and comparable, both in shape and size, to 

 acorns or other kernels. Celsus applies the term glandula to a 

 swelling in the neck, supposed to be glandular; and Vegetius 

 uses the same to denote swollen glands ' between the cheek-bones 

 and lower jaws : ' from his saying, however, that the glandules are 

 ' especially troublesome to foales,' it would appear the disease he 

 meant to describe was not glanders, but strangles. The French 

 veterinarians, following the ancient phraseology, called a horse 

 exhibiting any submaxillary tumor or enlargement, glande; not 

 with any special reference to glanders, but simply because his 

 glands or ' kernels/ as our farriers denominate them, had become 

 enlarged ; hence, with the French, a horse was said to be glande 

 de gourme, as well as glande de morve and glande de farcin. It 

 seems to have been our English writers on farriery who have 

 restricted the application of the term to the foul and malignant 

 disease now known under that appellation. Before then, glanders 

 appears to have had no other meaning save that the horse had tu- 

 mefied glands, or that, in the farrier's phrase, 'his kernels had 

 come down.' The French call the disease la morve. A horse, 

 however, in the estimation of Lafosse, is not to be regarded as 

 having la morve proprement dite, unless he be glande, or have tu- 

 mefaction of his glands." 



Diagnostic Symptoms of Glanders. — Glanders consists in i dis- 

 charge, from one or both nostrils, of matter which, by transfer or 

 inoculation, will produce the same disease in another animal (of 

 Ihe equine or human species), and which discharge is, sooner or 

 later, accompanied by vascular injection and chancrous ulceration 

 of the schneiderian membrane of the nostrils, and tumefaction 

 of the submaxillary lymphatic glands, and by farcy; so that a 

 horse can not be considered as the subject of glanders until these 

 symptoms are made manifest. 



