270 DADD'S VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERI. 



cations are, also, occasionally practiced, which, of course, divide 

 both venous and arterial branches. In France extensive scarifi- 

 cations used to be made into indurations before the suppurativa 

 process had commenced, which, in some cases, prevented that 

 from going on, and the remedial wounds made were healed by 

 adhesive inflammation, or by healthy granulation. The same 

 method has also been occasionally practiced here, but it is not 

 now often attempted. 



Phlebotomy, or the puncture of a venous branch, is the most 

 usual mode of drawing blood in veterinary practice, and may be 

 employed on any point of the body ; but some vessels are much 

 more frequently opened than others, and most of all the jugular 

 vein. 



Bleeding by the thigh vein. — The saphena is a prominent vein 

 continued from the inner part of the hock, and may be opened by 

 the fleam, but with much greater safety and propriety by a lancet. 

 The opposite leg being held up, the operator, placing himself in 

 front of the thigh, and steadying himself and the horse by placing 

 one hand on the hock, may fix the vein with the little finger of the 

 other, while the lancet, held between the thumb and fore-finger, 

 punctures it. This vein should never be opened save upon abso- 

 lute necessity, as it is often troublesome to pin up. A horse has 

 b?en cast for the trivial matter of stopping the hemorrhage. 



Bleeding from the plate vein. — This vein is frequently opened tc 

 iA stract blood after injuries of the fore extremities. 



Tlie superficial brachial vein is a continuation of the superficial 

 \ nsion of the metacarpal veins, and in the passage upward receives 

 more than one branch. Its principal trunk ascends along the inner 

 side of the radius. It may also be well to remark that, when taking 

 blood from the superficial veins of the arm or fore-arm, if any diffi- 

 culty is experienced in obtaining a sufficient flow, the lifting up of 

 the other leg, by throwing the muscles of the punctured one into 

 action, will force the blood from the inner to the outer set, and au 

 increased quantity may be obtained. The plate vein, or external 

 thoracic, is often opened, as it emerges from behind the arm, and 

 is pinned up without any difficulty. 



Bleeding by the jugular vein. — The situation of this important 

 vessel is well known, but its internal connections are not so fa- 

 miliar, though such knowledge is essential to the uniform safety of 

 the operation. The horse has only external jugular veins, a righi 



