HORSE MANAGEMENT, ETC. 401 



Mo. 03. Iodide of potass 1 dr. 



Simple ointment 6 dr. 



Glycerine 2 dr. 



Mix these ingredients well together, and they are then fit foi 

 we. A few applications of this ointment will have the effect of 

 removing the callous, when a healthy surface will appear. 



Some animals, owing to a peculiarity of constitution or of form ; 

 will chafe in those parts which come in contact with the collar and 

 saddle, and no human foresight nor mechanical contrivance can 

 always succeed in preventing the same. For example, some horses 

 are humory, as the saying is — perhaps have a taint of scrofula 

 about them — and if they perform a hard day's labor in the warm 

 season of the year, notwithstanding they be harnessed in the best 

 possible manner, they will come home at night with either galled 

 shoulders or sore back. For such cases as these the harness-maker, 

 with all his skill and ingenuity, has no other remedy than that of 

 a palliative character. 



The Heart. 



The current of blood is said to be put in motion by a muscular 

 orjran known as the heart, which is located within the thorax, or 



O . 7 7 



chest. The blood is distributed to all the various ramifications 

 of the body by means of vessels called arteries, and it is returned 

 to the heart by the veins. The red color of the blood is due to 

 the presence if red corpuscles, which are always to be found in the 

 blood of the vertebrata. In some of the invertebrata the blood 

 is white, or resembles the color of chyle. 



Mode of Circulation. — The blood, having been propelled from 

 the left or posterior ventricle of the heart to all the various rami- 

 fications of the body, passes through the extreme vessels (capil- 

 lar}') into the veins. These veins terminate in a vessel known as 

 vena cava, anterior and posterior, both of which sections termi- 

 nate in the right or anterior auricle. This auricle contracts, and 

 the venous blood thus finds its way into the right ventricle, where 

 Ihs pulmonary arteries have their origin. By aid of the muscular 

 power of this ventricle, the blood is sent through the pulmonary 

 arteries to the lungs (aeration and oxygenation.) The color of 

 this blood is dark, almost black. It is highly carbonized, abounds 

 in morbific matter and the worn-out materials of the body, and 

 in this state is a non-supporter of vitality. In this condition, 

 26 



