HORSE MANAGEMENT, ETC. 405 



fusion signifies the transfer of blood from one living animal tc 

 another, by means of a hollow tube inserted into the jugular veins 

 of each horse. His method was as follows : 



" I commenced a series of experiments, so as to discover the 

 simplest, safest, and most effectual method of conveying blood 

 from one animal to another. I first tried the transfusion syringe, 

 .vhich has been used by medical practitioners for this purpose ; 

 but, whether from want of skill in its use, or from some defect in 

 the instrument, (which had been recommended to me as one of the 

 best,) or from some other cause, I can not tell, but certain it is I 

 was in no case so successful with it as I was with a more simple 

 apparatus. I fancied that the blood lost much of its vitality by 

 being exposed to atmospheric action, and also by its being forced 

 and compressed within the cylinder of the instrument. These 

 impressions as to the cause of failure induced me to undertake 

 several experiments, with a view to the construction of an instru- 

 ment which would fulfill the requisite indications ; namely, to allow 

 the blood to pass freely from the vein of the healthy into that of 

 the diseased subject, without coming in contact with the atmos- 

 phere, and without alteration of its temperature. I at length 

 adopted an exceedingly simple apparatus, which may be described 

 in a few words. It consists of an India-rubber tube, some two 

 and a half feet long, and three-eighths of an inch in diameter ; 

 that is, about the caliber of the vein in the adult horse. To either 

 end of this is fitted a silver tube, curved somewhat like a syphon, 

 so that me end, which is slightly rounded at the point, might be 

 easily passed into the vein, both tubes being exactly alike. A nar- 

 row zinc or tin trough is required, to contain hot water, in which 

 two-thirds of the tube should be immersed during the time that 

 the blood is flowing. This completes the apparatus ; and, being 

 prepared, and the horses ready, held by assistants, the jugular 

 rein of the haalthy horse from which the supply of is to be taken 

 may be opened, and into it one of the silver tubes carefully passed, 

 poiot upward, so as to receive the current of blood as it flows back 

 from the head — the operator holding the other end, and, having 

 previously opened the corresponding vein in the patient, he should 

 wait till the current is passing freely down the tube from the 

 healthy horse, and then bring it in contact with that which is now 

 flowing slowly from the patient. He should pass the end of the 

 tube carefully into the vein, point downward, by which means tht 



